TY - JOUR T1 - On the seasonal freshwater stratification in the proximity of fast-flowing tidewater outlet glaciers in a sub-Arctic sill fjord JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Y1 - 2013 A1 - Mortensen, J. A1 - Bendtsen, J. A1 - Roman J. Motyka A1 - Lennert, K. A1 - Martin Truffer A1 - Mark Fahnestock A1 - Rysgaard, S. KW - fjord KW - freshwater sources and their distribution KW - Greenland Ice Sheet KW - subglacial freshwater fraction model KW - subsurface heat sources for glacial ice melt KW - tidewater outlet glaciers AB - The Greenland Ice Sheet releases large amounts of freshwater into the fjords around Greenland and many fjords are in direct contact with the ice sheet through tidewater outlet glaciers. Here we present the first seasonal hydrographic observations from the inner part of a sub-Arctic fjord, relatively close to and within 4–50 km of a fast-flowing tidewater outlet glacier. This region is characterized by a dense glacial and sea ice cover. Freshwater from runoff, subglacial freshwater (SgFW) discharge, glacial, and sea ice melt are observed above 50–90 m depth. During summer, SgFW and subsurface glacial melt mixed with ambient water are observed as a layered structure in the temperature profiles below the low-saline summer surface layer (<7 m). During winter, the upper water column is characterized by stepwise halo- and thermoclines formed by mixing between deeper layers and the surface layer influenced by ice melt. The warm (T > 1°C) intermediate water mass is a significant subsurface heat source for ice melt. We analyze the temperature and salinity profiles observed in late summer with a thermodynamic mixing model and determine the total freshwater content in the layer below the summer surface layer to be between 5% and 11%. The total freshwater contribution in this layer from melted glacial ice was estimated to be 1–2%, while the corresponding SgFW was estimated to be 3–10%. The winter measurements in the subsurface halocline layer showed a total freshwater content of about 1% and no significant contribution from SgFW. VL - 118 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20134 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Submarine melting of the 1985 Jakobshavn Isbræ floating tongue and the triggering of the current retreat JF - Journal of Geophysical Research Y1 - 2011 A1 - Roman J. Motyka A1 - Martin Truffer A1 - Mark Fahnestock A1 - Mortensen, J. A1 - Rysgaard, S. A1 - I M Howat VL - 116 ER -