00382nas a2200109 4500008004100000245005300041210005200094300001600146490000700162100001500169856008800184 2021 eng d00aConservation laws for free-boundary fluid layers0 aConservation laws for freeboundary fluid layers a2007–20320 v811 aBueler, E. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/conservation-laws-free-boundary-fluid-layers00420nam a2200097 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260002900208100001500237856007000252 2021 eng d00a{PETSc} for {P}artial {D}ifferential {E}quations: {N}umerical {S}olutions in {C} and {P}ython0 aPETSc for P artial D ifferential E quations N umerical S olution aPhiladelphiabSIAM Press1 aBueler, E. uhttps://my.siam.org/Store/Product/viewproduct/?ProductId=3285013700880nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245013000055210006900185300001100254490000600265653002400271653000800295653001400303653001800317100002200335700001800357700002100375700001900396700002000415700001800435700001900453700001800472700002100490700002100511856007000532 2019 eng d a2296-774500aCircumpolar Deep Water Impacts Glacial Meltwater Export and Coastal Biogeochemical Cycling Along the West Antarctic Peninsula0 aCircumpolar Deep Water Impacts Glacial Meltwater Export and Coas a1–230 v610aAntarctic Peninsula10aice10ameltwater10aphytoplankton1 aCape, Mattias, R.1 aVernet, Maria1 aPettit, Erin, C.1 aWellner, Julia1 aTruffer, Martin1 aAkie, Garrett1 aDomack, Eugene1 aLeventer, Amy1 aSmith, Craig, R.1 aHuber, Bruce, A. uhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00144/full01662nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008400055210006900139260000800208300001300216490000600229520095600235100002101191700002501212700002001237700002901257700001701286700002601303700001801329700001601347856006901363 2019 eng d a2375-254800a{Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the next millennium}0 aContribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the ne cjun aeaav93960 v53 aThe Greenland Ice Sheet holds 7.2 m of sea level equivalent and in recent decades, rising temperatures have led to accelerated mass loss. Current ice margin recession is led by the retreat of outlet glaciers, large rivers of ice ending in narrow fjords that drain the interior. We pair an outlet glacier–resolving ice sheet model with a comprehensive uncertainty quantification to estimate Greenland's contribution to sea level over the next millennium. We find that Greenland could contribute 5 to 33 cm to sea level by 2100, with discharge from outlet glaciers contributing 8 to 45% of total mass loss. Our analysis shows that uncertainties in projecting mass loss are dominated by uncertainties in climate scenarios and surface processes, whereas uncertainties in calving and frontal melt play a minor role. We project that Greenland will very likely become ice free within a millennium without substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aFahnestock, Mark, A.1 aTruffer, Martin1 aBrinkerhoff, Douglas, J.1 aHock, Regine1 aKhroulev, Constantine1 aMottram, Ruth1 aKhan, Abbas uhttp://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aav939602346nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001300041245009900054210006900153300001100222490000700233520132300240100001901563700001701582700001901599700001801618700001801636700001601654700002401670700001801694700001701712700001801729700002301747700002701770700001701797700001701814700002001831700002101851700001901872856012901891 2019 eng d a1052517300aThe Larsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA): Polar Systems Bound Together, Changing Fast0 aLarsen Ice Shelf System Antarctica LARISSA Polar Systems Bound T a4–100 v293 aClimatic, cryospheric, and biologic changes taking place in the northern Antarctic Peninsula provide examples for how ongoing systemic change may pro‐ gress through the entire Antarctic system. A large, interdisciplinary research project focused on the Larsen Ice Shelf system, synthesized here, has documented dramatic ice cover, oceanographic, and ecosystem changes in the Antarctic Peninsula during the Holocene and the present period of rapid regional warming. The responsive- ness of the region results from its position in the climate and ocean system, in which a narrow continental block extends across zonal atmospheric and ocean flow, creating high snow accumulation, strong gradients and gyres, dynamic oceanography, outlet glaciers feeding into many fjords and bays having steep topography, and a continental shelf that contains many glacially carved troughs separated by areas of glacial sedi- ment accumulation. The microcosm of the northern Antarctic Peninsula has a ten- dency to change rapidly—rapid relative not just to Antarctica's mainland but compared to the rest of the planet as well—and it is generally warmer than the rest of Antarctica. Both its Holocene and modern glaciological retreats offer a picture of how larger areas of Antarctica farther south might change under future warming.1 aWellner, Julia1 aScambos, Ted1 aDomack, Eugene1 aVernet, Maria1 aLeventer, Amy1 aBalco, Greg1 aBrachfeld, Stefanie1 aCape, Mattias1 aHuber, Bruce1 aIshman, Scott1 aMcCormick, Michael1 aMosley-Thompson, Ellen1 aPettit, Erin1 aSmith, Craig1 aTruffer, Martin1 aVan Dover, Cindy1 aYoo, Kyu-Cheul uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/larsen-ice-shelf-system-antarctica-larissa-polar-systems-bound-together-changing-fast02194nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245008000054210007000134300001200204490000700216520131900223653001201542653002101554653002201575653003701597653002301634100001901657700002101676700002401697700002001721700002801741700002601769700001501795856011801810 2019 eng d a0022143000aNon-linear glacier response to calving events, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland0 aNonlinear glacier response to calving events Jakobshavn Isbræ Gr a39–540 v653 aJakobshavn Isbræ, a tidewater glacier that produces some of Greenland's largest icebergs and highest speeds, reached record-high flow rates in 2012 (Joughin and others, 2014). We use terrestrial radar interferometric observations from August 2012 to characterize the events that led to record-high flow. We find that the highest speeds occurred in response to a small calving retreat, while several larger calving events produced negligible changes in glacier speed. This non-linear response to calving events suggests the terminus was close to flotation and therefore highly sensitive to terminus position. Our observations indicate that a glacier's response to calving is a consequence of two competing feedbacks: (1) an increase in strain rates that leads to dynamic thinning and faster flow, thereby promoting destabilization, and (2) an increase in flow rates that advects thick ice toward the terminus and promotes restabilization. The competition between these feedbacks depends on temporal and spatial variations in the glacier's proximity to flotation. This study highlights the importance of dynamic thinning and advective processes on tidewater glacier stability, and further suggests the latter may be limiting the current retreat due to the thick ice that occupies Jakobshavn Isbræ's retrograde bed.10acalving10adynamic thinning10aJakobshavn Isbræ10aterrestrial radar interferometry10atidewater glaciers1 aCassotto, Ryan1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aAmundson, Jason, M.1 aTruffer, Martin1 aBoettcher, Margaret, S.1 aDe La Peña, Santiago1 aHowat, Ian uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/non-linear-glacier-response-calving-events-jakobshavn-isbr%C3%A6-greenland03602nas a2200229 4500008004100000022002500041245012200066210006900188300001400257490000800271520286600279653001203145100002203157700002103179700001603200700001603216700001703232700001503249700002303264700002003287856006503307 2019 eng d a2169-9003, 2169-901100aSimulated {Greenland} {Surface} {Mass} {Balance} in the {GISS} {ModelE2} {GCM}: {Role} of the {Ice} {Sheet} {Surface}0 aSimulated Greenland Surface Mass Balance in the GISS ModelE2 GCM a750–7650 v1243 aThe rate of growth or retreat of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets remains a highly uncertain component of future sea level change. Here we examine the simulation of Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance (GrIS SMB) in a development branch of the ModelE2 version of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation model (GCM). GCMs are often limited in their ability to represent SMB compared with polar region regional climate models. We compare ModelE2‐simulated GrIS SMB for present‐day (1996–2005) simulations with fixed ocean conditions, at a spatial resolution of 2° latitude by 2.5° longitude ({\textasciitilde}200 km), with SMB simulated by the Modèle Atmosphérique Régionale (MAR) regional climate model (1996–2005 at a 25‐km resolution). ModelE2 SMB agrees well with MAR SMB on the whole, but there are distinct spatial patterns of differences and large differences in some SMB components. The impacts of changes to the ModelE2 surface are tested, including a subgrid‐scale representation of SMB with surface elevation classes. This has a minimal effect on ice sheet‐wide SMB but corrects local biases. Replacing fixed surface albedo with satellite‐derived values and an age‐dependent scheme has a larger impact, increasing simulated melt by 60%–100%. We also find that lower surface albedo can enhance the effects of elevation classes. Reducing ModelE2 surface roughness length to values closer to MAR reduces sublimation by {\textasciitilde}50%. Further work is required to account for meltwater refreezing in ModelE2 and to understand how differences in atmospheric processes and model resolution influence simulated SMB. Plain Language Summary Melting of the Earth's ice sheets represents a substantial contribution to global sea level rise. Global climate model simulations of Earth's climate often model the surface of ice sheets in a fairly simple way because of computational limitations. This study evaluates the representation of the Greenland ice sheet in one such global model simulation (from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model) against a regional model that simulates only the local Greenland area in a higher degree of detail. The study finds that the global model simulation of the Greenland ice sheet is sensitive to how the model represents the ice sheet surface, in particular, how it reflects incoming sunlight, stores and freezes liquid water, and simulates surface evaporation. Attempting to improve the simulation by dividing the ice sheet surface into additional grid cells according to surface elevation has a minor impact on the simulation. The study reveals how the representation of the Greenland ice sheet in ModelE2 might be improved to better estimate ice sheet change and the sea level response to global climate changes.10a1911-UW1 aAlexander, P., M.1 aLeGrande, A., N.1 aFischer, E.1 aTedesco, M.1 aFettweis, X.1 aKelley, M.1 aNowicki, S., M. J.1 aSchmidt, G., A. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018JF00477200808nas a2200229 4500008004100000245012000041210006900161300001000230653002000240653000800260653002300268653001900291653002500310100001600335700001700351700001700368700001500385700001500400700001800415700001700433856012800450 2019 eng d00aSpatio-temporal variations in seasonal ice tongue submarine melt rate at a tidewater glacier in southwest Greenland0 aSpatiotemporal variations in seasonal ice tongue submarine melt a1–810aglacier calving10aice10aocean interactions10aRemote sensing10asubglacial processes1 aMoyer, A, N1 aNienow, P, W1 aGourmelen, N1 aSole, A, J1 aTruffer, M1 aFahnestock, M1 aSlater, D, A uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/spatio-temporal-variations-seasonal-ice-tongue-submarine-melt-rate-tidewater-glacier00993nas a2200277 4500008004100000245011300041210006900154300001400223490000700237653004200244653000800286653001300294653002300307653001900330100002400349700002300373700002100396700002400417700002100441700002500462700002200487700002200509700002200531700002000553856014200573 2019 eng d00aTracking icebergs with time-lapse photography and sparse optical flow , LeConte Bay , Alaska , 2016 – 20170 aTracking icebergs with timelapse photography and sparse optical a195–2110 v6510aglaciological instruments and methods10aice10aicebergs10aocean interactions10aRemote sensing1 aKienholz, Christian1 aAmundson, Jason, M1 aMotyka, Roman, J1 aJackson, Rebecca, H1 aMickett, John, B1 aSutherland, David, A1 aNash, Jonathan, D1 aWinters, Dylan, S1 aDryer, William, P1 aTruffer, Martin uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/tracking-icebergs-time-lapse-photography-and-sparse-optical-flow-leconte-bay-alaska-2016-%E2%80%9302073nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245008200055210006900137260000800206300001400214490000700228520122600235653001801461653002301479653004201502653001301544653001501557100002401572700002001596700002001616700002301636700002401659700002801683856009601711 2018 eng d a0022-143000aActive seismic studies in valley glacier settings: strategies and limitations0 aActive seismic studies in valley glacier settings strategies and coct a796–8100 v643 aSubglacial tills play an important role in glacier dynamics but are difficult to characterize in situ. Amplitude Variation with Angle (AVA) analysis of seismic reflection data can distinguish between stiff tills and deformable tills. However, AVA analysis in mountain glacier environments can be problematic: reflections can be obscured by Rayleigh wave energy scattered from crevasses, and complex basal topography can impede the location of reflection points in 2-D acquisitions. We use a forward model to produce challenging synthetic seismic records in order to test the efficacy of AVA in crevassed and geometrically complex environments. We find that we can distinguish subglacial till types in moderately crevassed environments, where ‘moderate' depends on crevasse spacing and orientation. The forward model serves as a planning tool, as it can predict AVA success or failure based on characteristics of the study glacier. Applying lessons from the forward model, we perform AVA on a seismic dataset collected from Taku Glacier in Southeast Alaska in March 2016. Taku Glacier is a valley glacier thought to overlay thick sediment deposits. A near-offset polarity reversal confirms that the tills are deformable.10aglacial tills10aglacier geophysics10aglaciological instruments and methods10aseismics10asubglacial1 aZECHMANN, JENNA, M.1 aBOOTH, ADAM, D.1 aTruffer, Martin1 aGusmeroli, Alessio1 aAmundson, Jason, M.1 aLarsen, Christopher, F. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143018000692/type/journal{\_}article03333nas a2200505 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260000800244300001600252490000700268520182700275100001902102700002002121700002002141700002102161700002102182700002102203700002002224700002502244700002702269700002702296700002202323700001602345700002202361700002502383700002402408700001702432700002602449700003102475700001802506700002302524700001802547700002202565700002502587700002102612700001802633700002102651700002102672700002102693700001602714700002402730700002402754856004902778 2018 eng d a1994-042400a{Design and results of the ice sheet model initialisation experiments initMIP-Greenland: an ISMIP6 intercomparison}0 aDesign and results of the ice sheet model initialisation experim capr a1433–14600 v123 aAbstract. Earlier large-scale Greenland ice sheet sea-level projections (e.g. those run during the ice2sea and SeaRISE initiatives) have shown that ice sheet initial conditions have a large effect on the projections and give rise to important uncertainties. The goal of this initMIP-Greenland intercomparison exercise is to compare, evaluate, and improve the initialisation techniques used in the ice sheet modelling community and to estimate the associated uncertainties in modelled mass changes. initMIP-Greenland is the first in a series of ice sheet model intercomparison activities within ISMIP6 (the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6), which is the primary activity within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) focusing on the ice sheets. Two experiments for the large-scale Greenland ice sheet have been designed to allow intercomparison between participating models of (1) the initial present-day state of the ice sheet and (2) the response in two idealised forward experiments. The forward experiments serve to evaluate the initialisation in terms of model drift (forward run without additional forcing) and in response to a large perturbation (prescribed surface mass balance anomaly); they should not be interpreted as sea-level projections. We present and discuss results that highlight the diversity of data sets, boundary conditions, and initialisation techniques used in the community to generate initial states of the Greenland ice sheet. We find good agreement across the ensemble for the dynamic response to surface mass balance changes in areas where the simulated ice sheets overlap but differences arising from the initial size of the ice sheet. The model drift in the control experiment is reduced for models that participated in earlier intercomparison exercises.1 aGoelzer, Heiko1 aNowicki, Sophie1 aEdwards, Tamsin1 aBeckley, Matthew1 aAbe-Ouchi, Ayako1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aCalov, Reinhard1 aGagliardini, Olivier1 aGillet-Chaulet, Fabien1 aGolledge, Nicholas, R.1 aGregory, Jonathan1 aGreve, Ralf1 aHumbert, Angelika1 aHuybrechts, Philippe1 aKennedy, Joseph, H.1 aLarour, Eric1 aLipscomb, William, H.1 aLe clec'h, Sébastien1 aLee, Victoria1 aMorlighem, Mathieu1 aPattyn, Frank1 aPayne, Antony, J.1 aRodehacke, Christian1 aRückamp, Martin1 aSaito, Fuyuki1 aSchlegel, Nicole1 aSeroussi, Helene1 aShepherd, Andrew1 aSun, Sainan1 avan de Wal, Roderik1 aZiemen, Florian, A. uhttps://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/1433/2018/02430nas a2200397 4500008004100000022001300041245007600054210006900130260000800199300001300207490000600220520123900226100002001465700002301485700001901508700002201527700001601549700002401565700001801589700001901607700001901626700001501645700002901660700002601689700002101715700002001736700001901756700002301775700002401798700001901822700001901841700002401860700002101884700002601905856010101931 2018 eng d a2375254800a{A large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenland}0 alarge impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenl cnov aeaar81730 v43 aWe report the discovery of a large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenland. From airborne radar surveys, we identify a 31-kilometer-wide, circular bedrock depression beneath up to a kilometer of ice. This depression has an elevated rim that cross-cuts tributary subglacial channels and a subdued central uplift that appears to be actively eroding. From ground investigations of the deglaciated foreland, we identify overprinted structures within Precambrian bedrock along the ice margin that strike tangent to the subglacial rim. Glaciofluvial sediment from the largest river draining the crater contains shocked quartz and other impact-related grains. Geochemical analysis of this sediment indicates that the impactor was a fractionated iron asteroid, which must have been more than a kilometer wide to produce the identified crater. Radiostratigraphy of the ice in the crater shows that the Holocene ice is continuous and conformable, but all deeper and older ice appears to be debris rich or heavily disturbed. The age of this impact crater is presently unknown, but from our geological and geophysical evidence, we conclude that it is unlikely to predate the Pleistocene inception of the Greenland Ice Sheet.1 aKjær, Kurt, H.1 aLarsen, Nicolaj, K1 aBinder, Tobias1 aBjørk, Anders, A1 aEisen, Olaf1 aFahnestock, Mark, A1 aFunder, Svend1 aGarde, Adam, A1 aHaack, Henning1 aHelm, Veit1 aHoumark-Nielsen, Michael1 aKjeldsen, Kristian, K1 aKhan, Shfaqat, A1 aMachguth, Horst1 aMcDonald, Iain1 aMorlighem, Mathieu1 aMouginot, Jérémie1 aPaden, John, D1 aWaight, Tod, E1 aWeikusat, Christian1 aWillerslev, Eske1 aMacGregor, Joseph, A. uhttp://advances.sciencemag.org/ http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aar817300874nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260000800243300001100251490000600262653001100268653001600279653002500295653002000320653001300340653002900353653002200382100001700404700001700421700002400438700002300462700001700485700002100502856007300523 2018 eng d a2296-646300a{Modeling Winter Precipitation Over the Juneau Icefield, Alaska, Using a Linear Model of Orographic Precipitation}0 aModeling Winter Precipitation Over the Juneau Icefield Alaska Us cmar a1–190 v610aAlaska10adownscaling10aglacier mass balance10aJuneau Icefield10aModeling10aorographic precipitation10asnow accumulation1 aRoth, Aurora1 aHock, Regine1 aSchuler, Thomas, V.1 aBieniek, Peter, A.1 aPelto, Mauri1 aAschwanden, Andy uhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2018.00020/full01966nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160300001000229520113200239653001701371653002301388653004201411100002001453700002301473700002301496700001901519700001901538700002501557700002001582700002601602856009601628 2017 eng d a0022-143000aAcquisition of a 3 min, two-dimensional glacier velocity field with terrestrial radar interferometry0 aAcquisition of a 3 min twodimensional glacier velocity field wit a1–83 a{\textless}p{\textgreater}Outlet glaciers undergo rapid spatial and temporal changes in flow velocity during calving events. Observing such changes requires both high temporal and high spatial resolution methods, something now possible with terrestrial radar interferometry. While a single such radar provides line-of-sight velocity, two radars define both components of the horizontal flow field. To assess the feasibility of obtaining the two-dimensional (2-D) flow field, we deployed two terrestrial radar interferometers at Jakobshavn Isbrae, a major outlet glacier on Greenland's west coast, in the summer of 2012. Here, we develop and demonstrate a method to combine the line-of-sight velocity data from two synchronized radars to produce a 2-D velocity field from a single (3 min) interferogram. Results are compared with the more traditional feature-tracking data obtained from the same radar, averaged over a longer period. We demonstrate the potential and limitations of this new dual-radar approach for obtaining high spatial and temporal resolution 2-D velocity fields at outlet glaciers.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}10aglacier flow10aglacier geophysics10aglaciological instruments and methods1 aVoytenko, Denis1 aDixon, Timothy, H.1 aHolland, David, M.1 aCassotto, Ryan1 aHowat, Ian, M.1 aFahnestock, Mark, A.1 aTruffer, Martin1 aDe La Peña, Santiago uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143017000284/type/journal{\_}article02421nas a2200349 4500008004100000022001400041245015000055210006900205260000800274300001400282490000700296520123700303653002001540653002201560653002501582653003201607653002701639653002301666100002201689700001901711700002001730700002701750700001701777700002501794700002101819700001501840700002201855700002001877700001901897700002101916856013401937 2017 eng d a0022-143000aAsynchronous behavior of outlet glaciers feeding Godth{\aa}bsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua) and the triggering of Narsap Sermia's retreat in SW Greenland0 aAsynchronous behavior of outlet glaciers feeding Godth aa bsfjor capr a288–3080 v633 aWe assess ice loss and velocity changes between 1985 and 2014 of three tidewater and five-land terminating glaciers in Godth{\aa}bsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua), Greenland. Glacier thinning accounted for 43.8 ± 0.2 km 3 of ice loss, equivalent to 0.10 mm eustatic sea-level rise. An additional 3.5 ± 0.3 km 3 was lost to the calving retreats of Kangiata Nunaata Sermia (KNS) and Narsap Sermia (NS), two tidewater glaciers that exhibited asynchronous behavior over the study period. KNS has retreated 22 km from its Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum (1761 AD), of which 0.8 km since 1985. KNS has stabilized in shallow water, but seasonally advects a 2 km long floating tongue. In contrast, NS began retreating from its LIA moraine in 2004–06 (0.6 km), re-stabilized, then retreated 3.3 km during 2010–14 into an over-deepened basin. Velocities at KNS ranged 5–6 km a −1 , while at NS they increased from 1.5 to 5.5 km a −1 between 2004 and 2014. We present comprehensive analyses of glacier thinning, runoff, surface mass balance, ocean conditions, submarine melting, bed topography, ice mélange and conclude that the 2010–14 NS retreat was triggered by a combination of factors but primarily by an increase in submarine melting.10aglacier calving10aglacier discharge10aglacier mass balance10aice/atmosphere interactions10aice/ocean interactions10atidewater glaciers1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aCassotto, Ryan1 aTruffer, Martin1 aKjeldsen, Kristian, K.1 aVan As, Dirk1 aKorsgaard, Niels, J.1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aHowat, Ian1 aLangen, Peter, L.1 aMortensen, John1 aLennert, Kunuk1 aRysgaard, Søren uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/asynchronous-behavior-outlet-glaciers-feeding-godthaabsfjord-nuup-kangerlua-and-triggering00548nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134300001400203490000700217100002000224700002000244700001800264700001300282700001500295700002000310856004800330 2017 eng d00aDiagnosing the decline in climatic mass balance of glaciers in Svalbard over 1957–20140 aDiagnosing the decline in climatic mass balance of glaciers in S a191–2150 v111 astby, T., I. Ø1 aSchuler, T., V.1 aHagen, J., O.1 aHock, R.1 aKohler, J.1 aReijmer, C., H. uhttps://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/191/2017/02121nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260000800266300001500274490000700289520139200296653002101688653002301709653002501732100002301757700002001780700001901800856009601819 2017 eng d a0022-143000aError sources in basal yield stress inversions for Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, derived from residual patterns of misfit to observations0 aError sources in basal yield stress inversions for Jakobshavn Is cdec a999–10110 v633 aThe basal interface of glaciers is generally not directly observable. Geophysical inverse methods are therefore used to infer basal parameters from surface observations. Such methods can also provide information about potential inadequacies of the forward model. Ideally an inverse problem can be regularized so that the differences between modeled and observed surface velocities reflect observational errors. However, deficiencies in the forward model usually result in additional errors. Here we use the spatial pattern of velocity residuals to discuss the main error sources for basal stress inversions for Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland. Synthetic tests with prescribed patterns of basal yield stress with varying length scales are then used to investigate different weighting functions for the data-model misfit and for the ability of the inversion to resolve details in basal yield stress. We also test real-data inversions for their sensitivities to prior estimate, forward model parameters, data gaps, and temperature fields. We find that velocity errors are not sufficient to explain the residual patterns of real-data inversions. Conversely, ice-geometry errors and especially simulated errors in model simplifications are capable of reproducing similar error patterns and magnitudes. We suggest that residual patterns can provide useful guidance for forward model improvements.10aglacier modeling10aice-sheet modeling10asubglacial processes1 aHabermann, Marijke1 aTruffer, Martin1 aMaxwell, David uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143017000612/type/journal{\_}article00599nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010500041210007100146300000800217490000600225100002300231700001700254700002400271700002000295856013800315 2017 eng d00aGlacier Changes in the Susitna Basin, Alaska, USA,(1951–2015) using GIS and Remote Sensing Methods0 aGlacier Changes in the Susitna Basin Alaska USA1951–2015 using G a4780 v91 aWastlhuber, Roland1 aHock, Regine1 aKienholz, Christian1 aBraun, Matthias uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/glacier-changes-susitna-basin-alaska-usa1951%E2%80%932015-using-gis-and-remote-sensing-methods00522nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160300000700229490000600236100001700242700002800259700002100287856006800308 2017 eng d a2296-646300aGrand Challenges in Cryospheric Sciences: Toward Better Predictability of Glaciers, Snow and Sea Ice0 aGrand Challenges in Cryospheric Sciences Toward Better Predictab a640 v51 aHock, Regine1 aHutchings, Jennifer, K.1 aLehning, Michael uhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2017.0006400641nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146653001700215653001300232653001500245653001700260653001300277653001400290100001600304700001300320700001500333700001500348700001700363856004300380 2017 eng d a2328-427700aHypsometric control on glacier mass balance sensitivity in Alaska and northwest Canada0 aHypsometric control on glacier mass balance sensitivity in Alask10aDistribution10aglaciers10ahypsometry10amass balance10aModeling10amodelling1 aMcGrath, D.1 aSass, L.1 aO'Neel, S.1 aArendt, A.1 aKienholz, C. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016EF00047902707nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210007100170300000700241490000600248520210400254100002402358700001702382700002002399700001902419700001902438856006802457 2017 eng d a2296-646300aMass Balance Evolution of Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, 1980–2100, and Its Implications for Surge Recurrence0 aMass Balance Evolution of Black Rapids Glacier Alaska 1980–2100 a560 v53 aSurge-type Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, has undergone strong retreat since it last surged in 1936-37. To assess its evolution during the late 20th and 21st centuries and determine potential implications for surge likelihood, we run a simplified glacier model over the periods 1980-2015 (hindcasting) and 2015-2100 (forecasting). The model is forced by daily temperature and precipitation fields, with downscaled reanalysis data used for the hindcasting. A constant climate scenario and an RCP 8.5 scenario based on the GFDL-CM3 climate model are employed for the forecasting. Debris evolution is accounted for by a debris layer time series derived from satellite imagery (hindcasting) and a parametrized debris evolution model (forecasting). A retreat model accounts for the evolution of the glacier geometry. Model calibration, validation and parametrization rely on an extensive set of in situ and remotely sensed observations. To explore uncertainties in our projections, we run the glacier model in a Monte Carlo fashion, varying key model parameters and input data within plausible ranges. Our results for the hindcasting period indicate a negative mass balance trend, caused by atmospheric warming in the summer, precipitation decrease in the winter and surface elevation lowering (climate-elevation feedback), which exceed the moderating effects from increasing debris cover and glacier retreat. Without the 2002 rockslide deposits on Black Rapids' lower reaches, the mass balances would be more negative, by 20% between the 2003 and 2015 mass-balance years. Despite its retreat, Black Rapids Glacier is substantially out of balance with the current climate. By 2100, 8% of Black Rapids' 1980 area are projected to vanish under the constant climate scenario and 73% under the RCP 8.5 scenario. For both scenarios, the remaining glacier portions are out of balance, suggesting continued retreat after 2100. Due to mass starvation, a surge in the 21st century is unlikely. The projected retreat will affect the glacier's runoff and change the landscape in the Black Rapids area markedly.1 aKienholz, Christian1 aHock, Regine1 aTruffer, Martin1 aBieniek, Peter1 aLader, Richard uhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2017.0005601530nas a2200169 4500008004100000020001400041245006000055210006000115260001500175300000700190490000600197520104400203100002501247700002001272700002101292856004701313 2017 eng d a2041-172300aSediment transport drives tidewater glacier periodicity0 aSediment transport drives tidewater glacier periodicity c2017/07/21 a900 v83 aMost of Earth’s glaciers are retreating, but some tidewater glaciers are advancing despite increasing temperatures and contrary to their neighbors. This can be explained by the coupling of ice and sediment dynamics: a shoal forms at the glacier terminus, reducing ice discharge and causing advance towards an unstable configuration followed by abrupt retreat, in a process known as the tidewater glacier cycle. Here we use a numerical model calibrated with observations to show that interactions between ice flow, glacial erosion, and sediment transport drive these cycles, which occur independent of climate variations. Water availability controls cycle period and amplitude, and enhanced melt from future warming could trigger advance even in glaciers that are steady or retreating, complicating interpretations of glacier response to climate change. The resulting shifts in sediment and meltwater delivery from changes in glacier configuration may impact interpretations of marine sediments, fjord geochemistry, and marine ecosystems.1 aBrinkerhoff, Douglas1 aTruffer, Martin1 aAschwanden, Andy uhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00095-502724nas a2200337 4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260000800219300001200227490000800239520166100247653001501908653002401923100001801947700002101965700001501986700002002001700002002021700001802041700002502059700002102084700002002105700002302125700002002148700002002168700001502188700001802203700002302221856014202244 2017 eng d a0028-083600aSub-ice-shelf sediments record history of twentieth-century retreat of Pine Island Glacier0 aSubiceshelf sediments record history of twentiethcentury retreat cjan a77–800 v5413 aThe West Antarctic Ice Sheet is one of the largest potential sources of rising sea levels. Over the past 40 years, glaciers flowing into the Amundsen Sea sector of the ice sheet have thinned at an accelerating rate, and several numerical models suggest that unstable and irreversible retreat of the grounding line—which marks the boundary between grounded ice and floating ice shelf—is underway. Understanding this recent retreat requires a detailed knowledge of grounding-line history, but the locations of the grounding line before the advent of satellite monitoring in the 1990s are poorly dated. In particular, a history of grounding-line retreat is required to understand the relative roles of contemporaneous ocean-forced change and of ongoing glacier response to an earlier perturbation in driving ice-sheet loss. Here we show that the present thinning and retreat of Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica is part of a climatically forced trend that was triggered in the 1940s. Our conclusions arise from analysis of sediment cores recovered beneath the floating Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, and constrain the date at which the grounding line retreated from a prominent seafloor ridge. We find that incursion of marine water beyond the crest of this ridge, forming an ocean cavity beneath the ice shelf, occurred in 1945 (±12 years); final ungrounding of the ice shelf from the ridge occurred in 1970 (±4 years). The initial opening of this ocean cavity followed a period of strong warming of West Antarctica, associated with El Niño activity. Thus our results suggest that, even when climate forcing weakened, ice-sheet retreat continued.10aAntarctica10aPine Island glacier1 aSmith, J., A.1 aAndersen, T., J.1 aShortt, M.1 aGaffney, A., M.1 aTruffer, Martin1 aStanton, T, P1 aBindschadler, Robert1 aDutrieux, Pierre1 aJenkins, Adrian1 aHillenbrand, C.-D.1 aEhrmann, Werner1 aCorr, H., F. J.1 aFarley, N.1 aCrowhurst, S.1 aVaughan, David, G. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature20136{%}5Cnhttp://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature20136 http://www.nature.com/articles/nature2013600738nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001300041245010400054210006900158300001200227490000800239653002400247653001700271653002400288653004300312653002400355100001700379700002000396856012800416 2016 eng d a2169901100aAutomated detection of unstable glacier flow and a spectrum of speedup behavior in the Alaska Range0 aAutomated detection of unstable glacier flow and a spectrum of s a64–810 v12110aautomated detection10adebris cover10apulse-type glaciers10aspectrum of glacier flow instabilities10asurge-type glaciers1 aHerreid, Sam1 aTruffer, Martin uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/automated-detection-unstable-glacier-flow-and-spectrum-speedup-behavior-alaska-range01558nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245007400055210006900129260000800198300001100206490000600217520102800223100002801251700002101279700002001300856006801320 2016 eng d a2296-646300a{Bayesian Inference of Subglacial Topography Using Mass Conservation}0 aBayesian Inference of Subglacial Topography Using Mass Conservat cfeb a1–270 v43 aWe develop a Bayesian model for estimating ice thickness given sparse observations coupled with estimates of surface mass balance, surface elevation change, and surface velocity. These fields are related through mass conservation. We use the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to sample from the posterior probability distribution of ice thickness for three cases: a synthetic mountain glacier, ̈ Storglaci aren, and Jakobshavn Isbræ. Use of continuity in interpolation improves thickness estimates where relative velocity and surface mass balance errors are small, a condition difficult to maintain in regions of slow flow and surface mass balance near zero. Estimates of thickness uncertainty depend sensitively on spatial correlation. When this structure is known, we suggest a thickness measurement spacing of one to two times the correlation length to take best advantage of continuity based interpolation techniques. To determine ideal measurement spacing, the structure of spatial correlation must be better quantified.1 aBrinkerhoff, Douglas, J1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aTruffer, Martin uhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2016.0000800462nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245005300055210005100108260000800159300001000167490000600177100002100183700002400204700002000228856005600248 2016 eng d a2041-172300a{Complex Greenland outlet glacier flow captured}0 aComplex Greenland outlet glacier flow captured cfeb a105240 v71 aAschwanden, Andy1 aFahnestock, Mark, A1 aTruffer, Martin uhttp://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms1052400620nas a2200133 4500008004100000245015700041210006900198100001600267700001200283700001500295700001400310700001200324856015000336 2016 eng d00aGeodetic mass balance of surge-type Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, 1980–2001–2010, including role of rockslide deposition and earthquake displacement0 aGeodetic mass balance of surgetype Black Rapids Glacier Alaska 11 aKienholz, C1 aHock, R1 aTruffer, M1 aArendt, A1 aArko, S uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/geodetic-mass-balance-surge-type-black-rapids-glacier-alaska-1980%E2%80%932001%E2%80%932010-including-role00983nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245013700055210006900192260000800261300002400269490000600293100002100299700001700320700001900337700001600356700002400372700001500396700002000411700001800431700001800449700001500467700001800482700001900500700001800519700002100537700001700558700002800575856006600603 2016 eng d a2375-254800a{Geodetic measurements reveal similarities between post-Last Glacial Maximum and present-day mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet}0 aGeodetic measurements reveal similarities between postLast Glaci csep ae1600931–e16009310 v21 aKhan, Shfaqat, A1 aSasgen, Ingo1 aBevis, Michael1 avan Dam, T.1 aBamber, Jonathan, L1 aWahr, John1 aWillis, Michael1 aKjaer, K., H.1 aWouters, Bert1 aHelm, Veit1 aCsatho, Beata1 aFleming, Kevin1 aBjork, A., A.1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aKnudsen, Per1 aMunneke, Peter, Kuipers uhttp://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/sciadv.160093100602nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245005500055210005300110260000800163300001400171490000800185100002200193700001900215700002300234700001800257700002000275700001800295700002100313856006200334 2016 eng d a0036-807500a{Holocene deceleration of the Greenland Ice Sheet}0 aHolocene deceleration of the Greenland Ice Sheet cfeb a590–5930 v3511 aMacGregor, J., A.1 aColgan, W., T.1 aFahnestock, M., A.1 aMorlighem, M.1 aCatania, G., A.1 aPaden, J., D.1 aGogineni, S., P. uhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aab170200442nas a2200145 4500008004100000245004300041210004300084300001200127490000700139100002400146700001800170700001500188700001600203856007700219 2016 eng d00aInversion of a glacier hydrology model0 aInversion of a glacier hydrology model a84–950 v571 aBrinkerhoff, D., J.1 aMeyer, C., R.1 aBueler, E.1 aTruffer, M. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/inversion-glacier-hydrology-model00712nas a2200181 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155300001400224490000700238100002300245700001700268700002100285700002600306700002400332700002200356700001600378856013600394 2016 eng d00aModeling the evolution of the Juneau Icefield between 1971 and 2100 using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM)0 aModeling the evolution of the Juneau Icefield between 1971 and 2 a199–2140 v621 aZiemen, Florian, A1 aHock, Regine1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aKhroulev, Constantine1 aKienholz, Christian1 aMELKONIAN, ANDREW1 aZHANG, JING uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/modeling-evolution-juneau-icefield-between-1971-and-2100-using-parallel-ice-sheet-model-pism00760nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260000800212300001400220490000700234100002300241700002200264700002100286700002600307700001900333700002100352700003200373700001800405700002800423700002000451856004700471 2016 eng d a1994-042400a{Modelled glacier dynamics over the last quarter of a century at Jakobshavn Isbræ}0 aModelled glacier dynamics over the last quarter of a century at cmar a597–6110 v101 aMuresan, Ioana, S.1 aKhan, Shfaqat, A.1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aKhroulev, Constantine1 aVan Dam, Tonie1 aBamber, Jonathan1 avan den Broeke, Michiel, R.1 aWouters, Bert1 aMunneke, Peter, Kuipers1 aKjær, Kurt, H. uhttp://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/597/2016/02311nas a2200433 4500008004100000022001300041245006500054210006500119260000800184300002000192490000700212520106700219653003101286653001701317653001601334653001601350653003301366100002301399700002101422700002101443700002301464700002101487700002301508700002101531700002101552700002801573700002301601700001701624700002001641700002001661700001701681700002001698700002801718700002001746700001701766700002501783700002301808856004601831 2016 eng d a0094827600aSensitivity of Pine Island Glacier to observed ocean forcing0 aSensitivity of Pine Island Glacier to observed ocean forcing coct a10,817–10,8250 v433 a©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.We present subannual observations (2009–2014) of a major West Antarctic glacier (Pine Island Glacier) and the neighboring ocean. Ongoing glacier retreat and accelerated ice flow were likely triggered a few decades ago by increased ocean-induced thinning, which may have initiated marine ice sheet instability. Following a subsequent 60{%} drop in ocean heat content from early 2012 to late 2013, ice flow slowed, but by {\textless} 4{%}, with flow recovering as the ocean warmed to prior temperatures. During this cold-ocean period, the evolving glacier-bed/ice shelf system was also in a geometry favorable to stabilization. However, despite a minor, temporary decrease in ice discharge, the basin-wide thinning signal did not change. Thus, as predicted by theory, once marine ice sheet instability is underway, a single transient high-amplitude ocean cooling has only a relatively minor effect on ice flow. The long-term effects of ocean temperature variability on ice flow, however, are not yet known.10aglacier-ocean interactions10aIce Dynamics10aice shelves10aice streams10amarine ice sheet instability1 aChristianson, Knut1 aBushuk, Mitchell1 aDutrieux, Pierre1 aParizek, Byron, R.1 aJoughin, Ian, R.1 aAlley, Richard, B.1 aShean, David, E.1 aAbrahamsen, Povl1 aAnandakrishnan, Sridhar1 aHeywood, Karen, J.1 aKim, Tae-Wan1 aLee, Sang, Hoon1 aNicholls, Keith1 aStanton, Tim1 aTruffer, Martin1 aWebber, Benjamin, G. M.1 aJenkins, Adrian1 aJacobs, Stan1 aBindschadler, Robert1 aHolland, David, M. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016GL07050000437nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116300001400185490000700199100001500206856010600221 2016 eng d00aStable finite volume element schemes for the shallow ice approximation0 aStable finite volume element schemes for the shallow ice approxi a230–2420 v621 aBueler, E. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/stable-finite-volume-element-schemes-shallow-ice-approximation00763nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245007200054210006800126260000800194100002600202700002500228700002300253700002100276700001900297700002400316700002100340700002300361700002700384700002000411700002300431700002100454856004600475 2016 eng d a2169900300a{A synthesis of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet}0 asynthesis of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet cjul1 aMacGregor, Joseph, A.1 aFahnestock, Mark, A.1 aCatania, Ginny, A.1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aClow, Gary, D.1 aColgan, William, T.1 aGogineni, Prasad1 aMorlighem, Mathieu1 aNowicki, Sophie, M. J.1 aPaden, John, D.1 aPrice, Stephen, F.1 aSeroussi, Helene uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JF00380301501nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245006000054210005600114300002000170490000800190520085700198653002601055653002101081653002101102653002201123100002301145700002201168700002001190700001901210856005401229 2016 eng d a1872628300aThe taphonomy of human remains in a glacial environment0 ataphonomy of human remains in a glacial environment a161.e1–161.e80 v2613 aA glacial environment is a unique setting that can alter human remains in characteristic ways. This study describes glacial dynamics and how glaciers can be understood as taphonomic agents. Using a case study of human remains recovered from Colony Glacier, Alaska, a glacial taphonomic signature is outlined that includes: (1) movement of remains, (2) dispersal of remains, (3) altered bone margins, (4) splitting of skeletal elements, and (5) extensive soft tissue preservation and adipocere formation. As global glacier area is declining in the current climate, there is the potential for more materials of archaeological and medicolegal significance to be exposed. It is therefore important for the forensic anthropologist to have an idea of the taphonomy in this setting and to be able to differentiate glacial effects from other taphonomic agents.10aForensic anthropology10aGlacial dynamics10aGlacial movement10aGlacial taphonomy1 aPilloud, Marin, A.1 aMegyesi, Mary, S.1 aTruffer, Martin1 aCongram, Derek uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.02700555nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245009900054210006900153300001400222653003800236653001200274653000900286653001000295100001600305700001800321856004600339 2016 eng d a8755120900a{Where Glaciers Meet Water: Subaqueous Melt and its Relevance to Glaciers in Various Settings}0 aWhere Glaciers Meet Water Subaqueous Melt and its Relevance to G an/a–n/a10a10.1002/2015RG000494 and glaciers10acalving10amelt10aocean1 aTruffer, M.1 aMotyka, Roman uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015RG00049400627nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300000800214490000700222100002400229700001700253700001200270700001400282700001200296700001500308856013400323 2015 eng d00aDerivation and analysis of a complete modern-date glacier inventory for Alaska and northwest Canada0 aDerivation and analysis of a complete moderndate glacier invento a4030 v611 aKienholz, Christian1 aHerreid, Sam1 aRich, J1 aArendt, A1 aHock, R1 aBurgess, E uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/derivation-and-analysis-complete-modern-date-glacier-inventory-alaska-and-northwest-canada00678nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245004500054210004400099300001600143490000700159653003800166653001200204653001300216653001200229100001400241700002100255700001600276700001800292700001500310700001600325700001400341856008100355 2015 eng d a0094827600aDynamic jamming of iceberg-choked fjords0 aDynamic jamming of icebergchoked fjords a1122–11290 v4210a10.1002/2014GL062715 and glaciers10acalving10aicebergs10ajamming1 aPeters, I1 aAmundson, J., M.1 aCassotto, R1 aFahnestock, M1 aDarnell, K1 aTruffer, M.1 aZhang, W. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/dynamic-jamming-iceberg-choked-fjords00640nas a2200193 4500008004100000245006300041210006100104300001600165490000800181100002000189700001600209700001700225700002000242700002000262700002300282700002400305700002400329856009300353 2015 eng d00aEnd-of-winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska0 aEndofwinter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska a1530–15500 v1201 aMcGrath, Daniel1 aSass, Louis1 aO'Neel, Shad1 aArendt, Anthony1 aWolken, Gabriel1 aGusmeroli, Alessio1 aKienholz, Christian1 aMcNeil, Christopher uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/end-winter-snow-depth-variability-glaciers-alaska00761nas a2200193 4500008004100000245003900041210003700080260001900117300000700136490000700143520023800150100002200388700002100410700002200431700001500453700002700468700002000495856005200515 2015 eng d00a{Greenland ice sheet mass balance}0 aGreenland ice sheet mass balance bIOP Publishing a260 v783 aMass balance equation for glaciers; areal distribution and ice volumes; estimates of actual mass balance; loss by calving of icebergs; hydrological budget for Greenland; and temporal variations of Greenland mass balance are examined.1 aKhan, Shfaqat, A.1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aBjørk, Anders, A1 aWhar, John1 aKjeldsen, Kristian, K.1 aKjær, Kurt, H. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/78/4/04680100492nas a2200133 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173300001600242490000600258100001400264700001900278700001400297856004700311 2015 eng d00aMapping snow depth from manned aircraft on landscape scales at centimeter resolution using structure-from-motion photogrammetry0 aMapping snow depth from manned aircraft on landscape scales at c a1445–14630 v91 aNolan, M.1 aLarsen, C., F.1 aSturm, M. uhttp://www.the-cryosphere.net/9/1445/2015/00420nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126300001600195490000600211100001500217700001700232856004900249 2015 eng d00aMass-conserving subglacial hydrology in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model version 0.60 aMassconserving subglacial hydrology in the Parallel Ice Sheet Mo a1613–16350 v81 aBueler, E.1 avan Pelt, W. uhttp://www.geosci-model-dev.net/8/1613/2015/01849nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245006100055210005800116300000700174490000600181520141200187100001901599700001701618856006801635 2015 eng d a2296-646300aA new model for global glacier change and sea-level rise0 anew model for global glacier change and sealevel rise a540 v33 aThe anticipated retreat of glaciers around the globe will pose far-reaching challenges to the management of fresh water resources and significantly contribute to sea-level rise within the coming decades. Here, we present a new model for calculating the 21st century mass changes of all glaciers on Earth outside the ice sheets. The Global Glacier Evolution Model (GloGEM) includes mass loss due to frontal ablation at marine-terminating glacier fronts and accounts for glacier advance/retreat and surface Elevation changes. Simulations are driven with monthly near-surface air temperature and precipitation from 14 Global Circulation Models forced by the RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. Depending on the scenario, the model yields a global glacier volume loss of 25-48% between 2010 and 2100. For calculating glacier contribution to sea-level rise, we account for ice located below sea-level presently displacing ocean water. This effect reduces glacier contribution by 11-14%, so that our model predicts a sea-level equivalent (multi-model mean +-1 standard deviation) of 79+-24 mm (RCP2.6), 108+-28 mm (RCP4.5) and 157+-31 mm (RCP8.5). Mass losses by frontal ablation account for 10% of total ablation globally, and up to 30% regionally. Regional equilibrium line altitudes are projected to rise by 100-800 m until 2100, but the effect on ice wastage depends on initial glacier hypsometries.1 aHuss, Matthias1 aHock, Regine uhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2015.0005400790nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245007100054210006900125260000800194300001500202490000800217100002600225700001300251700001900264700002200283700001800305700002400323700002100347700002100368700002300389700002200412700002100434700002300455856004600478 2015 eng d a2169900300a{Radar attenuation and temperature within the Greenland Ice Sheet}0 aRadar attenuation and temperature within the Greenland Ice Sheet cjun a983–10080 v1201 aMacGregor, Joseph, A.1 aLi, Jilu1 aPaden, John, D1 aCatania, Ginny, a1 aClow, Gary, D1 aFahnestock, Mark, A1 aGogineni, Prasad1 aGrimm, Robert, E1 aMorlighem, Mathieu1 aNandi, Soumyaroop1 aSeroussi, Helene1 aStillman, David, E uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JF00341800877nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245006900054210006700123300001400190490000800204653004900212653001300261653002900274653002300303100002600326700002500352700002300377700001900400700002100419700001700440700002300457700002600480700002400506700002300530856004600553 2015 eng d a2169900300a{Radiostratigraphy and age structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet}0 aRadiostratigraphy and age structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet a212–2410 v12010a10.1002/2014JF003215 and Greenland Ice Sheet10aice core10aice-penetrating dynamics10aice-sheet dynamics1 aMacGregor, Joseph, A.1 aFahnestock, Mark, A.1 aCatania, Ginny, A.1 aPaden, John, D1 aGogineni, Prasad1 aYoung, Keith1 aRybarski, Susan, C1 aMabrey, Alexandria, N1 aWagman, Benjamin, M1 aMorlighem, Mathieu uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JF00321502075nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245005900054210005600113260001600169520139400185653001501579653001301594653001401607653001301621653001201634653001901646100002101665700001701686700001601703700001801719700001701737700001901754856004801773 2015 eng d a0034425700a{Rapid large-area mapping of ice flow using Landsat 8}0 aRapid largearea mapping of ice flow using Landsat 8 bThe Authors3 aWe report on the maturation of optical satellite-image-based ice velocity mapping over the ice sheets and large glacierized areas, enabled by the high radiometric resolution and internal geometric accuracy of Landsat 8's Operational Land Imager (OLI). Detailed large-area single-season mosaics and time-series maps of ice flow were created using data spanning June 2013 to June 2015. The 12-bit radiometric quantization and 15-m pixel scale resolution of OLI band 8 enable displacement tracking of subtle snow-drift patterns on ice sheet surfaces at $\sim$. 1. m precision. Ice sheet and snowfield snow-drift features persist for typically 16 to 64. days, and up to 432. days, depending primarily on snow accumulation rates. This results in spatially continuous mapping of ice flow, extending the mapping capability beyond crevassed areas. Our method uses image chip cross-correlation and sub-pixel peak-fitting in matching Landsat path/row pairs. High-pass filtering is applied to the imagery to enhance local surface texture. The current high image acquisition rates of Landsat 8 (725 scenes per day globally) reduces the impact of high cloudiness in polar and mountain terrain and allows rapid compilation of large areas, or dense temporal coverage of seasonal ice flow variations. The results rival the coverage and accuracy of interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) mapping.10aAntarctica10aglaciers10aGreenland10aIce flow10aLandsat10aRemote sensing1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aScambos, Ted1 aMoon, Twila1 aGardner, Alex1 aHaran, Terry1 aKlinger, Marin uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.02300600nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260001500185300001300200490000600213100002400219700001800243700002500261700001700286700001300303700002200316700002800338856004000366 2015 eng d00aRecent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development0 aRecent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst devel c2015/10/29 a15865 - 0 v51 aJones, Benjamin, M.1 aGrosse, Guido1 aArp, Christopher, D.1 aMiller, Eric1 aLiu, Lin1 aHayes, Daniel, J.1 aLarsen, Christopher, F. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep1586502085nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245008600054210006900140260001600209300001400225490000700239520145400246100002401700700002101724856018201745 2015 eng d a0022143000aThe response of fabric variations to simple shear and migration recrystallization0 aresponse of fabric variations to simple shear and migration recr cJun-06-2017 a537 - 5500 v613 aThe observable microstructures in ice are the result of many dynamic and competing processes. These processes are influenced by climate variables in the firn. Layers deposited in different climate regimes may show variations in fabric which can persist deep into the ice sheet; fabric may ‘remember’ these past climate regimes. We model the evolution of fabric variations below the firn–ice transition and show that the addition of shear to compressive-stress regimes preserves the modeled fabric variations longer than compression-only regimes, because shear drives a positive feedback between crystal rotation and deformation. Even without shear, the modeled ice retains memory of the fabric variation for ~200 ka in typical polar ice-sheet conditions. Our model shows that temperature affects how long the fabric variation is preserved, but only affects the strain-integrated fabric evolution profile when comparing results straddling the thermal-activation-energy threshold (~–10°C). Even at high temperatures, migration recrystallization does not eliminate the modeled fabric’s memory under most conditions. High levels of nearest-neighbor interactions will, however, eliminate the modeled fabric’s memory more quickly than low levels of nearest-neighbor interactions. Ultimately, our model predicts that fabrics will retain memory of past climatic variations when subject to a wide variety of conditions found in polar ice sheets.1 aKennedy, Joseph, H.1 aPettit, Erin, C. uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0022-1430&volume=61&issue=227&spage=537http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2015/00000061/00000227/art0001100612nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140490000700209100002200216700002000238700001700258700001800275700001900293700001600312856012600328 2015 eng d00aRun-away thinning of the low elevation {Yakutat Glacier} and its sensitivity to climate change0 aRunaway thinning of the low elevation Yakutat Glacier and its se0 v611 aTruessel, Barbara1 aTruffer, Martin1 aHock, Regine1 aMotyka, Roman1 aHuss, Matthias1 aZhang, Jing uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/run-away-thinning-low-elevation-yakutat-glacier-and-its-sensitivity-climate-change00725nas a2200181 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180300001400249490000700263100001700270700002800287700001800315700002100333700002400354700001700378700001900395856012900414 2015 eng d00aSatellite observations show no net change in the percentage of supraglacial debris-covered area in northern Pakistan from 1977 to 20140 aSatellite observations show no net change in the percentage of s a524–5360 v611 aHerreid, Sam1 aPellicciotti, Francesca1 aAyala, Alvaro1 aChesnokova, Anna1 aKienholz, Christian1 aShea, Joseph1 aShrestha, Arun uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/satellite-observations-show-no-net-change-percentage-supraglacial-debris-covered-area00848nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245012200054210006900176300001200245490000700257653002200264653001200286653000800298653002300306653001900329653002100348100001900369700002100388700002400409700002000433700001700453856013600470 2015 eng d a0022143000aSeasonal and interannual variations in ice melange and its impact on terminus stability, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland0 aSeasonal and interannual variations in ice melange and its impac a76–880 v6110aarctic glaciology10acalving10aice10aocean interactions10aRemote sensing10asea-ice dynamics1 aCassotto, Ryan1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aAmundson, Jason, M.1 aTruffer, Martin1 aJoughin, Ian uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/seasonal-and-interannual-variations-ice-melange-and-its-impact-terminus-stability-jakobshavn00570nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007400041210006900115100002900184700002300213700002100236700001700257700002100274700002200295856010700317 2015 eng d00aSubglacial discharge at tidewater glaciers revealed by seismic tremor0 aSubglacial discharge at tidewater glaciers revealed by seismic t1 aBartholomaus, Timothy, C1 aAmundson, Jason, M1 aWalter, Jacob, I1 aO'Neel, Shad1 aWest, Michael, E1 aLarsen, Chris, F. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/subglacial-discharge-tidewater-glaciers-revealed-seismic-tremor00536nas a2200169 4500008004100000245005500041210005500096300001600151490000700167100002200174700001500196700001500211700001400226700001600240700001600256856009400272 2015 eng d00aSurface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance0 aSurface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance a5902–59080 v421 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aBurgess, E1 aArendt, AA1 aO'Neel, S1 aJohnson, AJ1 aKienholz, C uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/surface-melt-dominates-alaska-glacier-mass-balance00587nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124100002900193700002700222700002100249700001700270700002000287700002000307856011400327 2015 eng d00aTidal and seasonal variations in calving flux observed with passive seismology0 aTidal and seasonal variations in calving flux observed with pass1 aBartholomaus, Timothy, C1 aLarsen, Christopher, F1 aWest, Michael, E1 aO'Neel, Shad1 aPettit, Erin, C1 aTruffer, Martin uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/tidal-and-seasonal-variations-calving-flux-observed-passive-seismology02050nas a2200157 4500008004100000245017700041210006900218260001200287490000800299520142000307100002001727700003001747700001801777700002201795856007501817 2015 eng d00aTriggered Seismic Events along the Eastern Denali Fault in Northwest Canada Following the 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig, and Two Mw>8.5 Teleseismic Earthquakes0 aTriggered Seismic Events along the Eastern Denali Fault in North c05/20150 v1053 aWe conduct a systematic search for remotely triggered seismic activity along the eastern Denali fault (EDF) in northwest Canada, an intraplate strike‐slip region. We examine 19 distant earthquakes recorded by nine broadband stations in the Canadian National Seismograph Network and find that the 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig, Alaska, earthquakes triggered long duration (>10 s), emergent tremor‐like signals near the southeastern portion of the EDF. In both cases, tremor coincides with the peak transverse velocities, consistent with Love‐wave triggering on right‐lateral strike‐slip faults. The 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki and 2012 Mw 8.6 Indian Ocean earthquakes possibly triggered tremor signals, although we were unable to locate those sources. In addition, we also identify many short‐duration (<5 s) bursts that were repeatedly triggered by the Rayleigh waves of the 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii earthquake. Although we were unable to precisely locate the short‐duration (<5 s) events, they appear to be radiating from the direction of the Klutlan Glacier and from a belt of shallow historical seismicity at the eastern flank of the Wrangell–St. Elias mountain range. The fact that these events were triggered solely by the Rayleigh waves suggests a different source mechanism as compared with triggered tremor observed along the EDF and other plate boundary regions. 1 aAiken, Chastity1 aMejia, Jessica, Zimmerman1 aPeng, Zhigang1 aWalter, Jacob, I. uhttp://www.bssaonline.org/content/early/2015/04/08/0120140156.abstract00575nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210007100128300001400199490000800213653002100221653002100242653001300263653001800276100001900294700001300313700001200326856004300338 2015 eng d a2169-901100aVariations in Alaska tidewater glacier frontal ablation, 1985–20130 aVariations in Alaska tidewater glacier frontal ablation 1985–201 a120–1360 v12010afrontal ablation10aglacier dynamics10aglaciers10aice thickness1 aMcNabb, R., W.1 aHock, R.1 aHuss, M uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JF00327600650nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001300041245014800054210006900202300001400271490000700285653002500292653002000317100001700337700001700354700002200371700002200393856005300415 2014 eng d a0022143000a{21st-century increase in glacier mass loss in the Wrangell Mountains, Alaska, USA, from airborne laser altimetry and satellite stereo imagery}0 a21stcentury increase in glacier mass loss in the Wrangell Mounta a283–2930 v6010aglacier mass balance10aice and climate1 aDas, Indrani1 aHock, Regine1 aBerthier, Etienne1 aLingle, Craig, S. uhttp://www.igsoc.org/journal/60/220/j13J119.html00560nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119300001200188490000700200100001500207700001500222700002200237700001500259700001300274856011500287 2014 eng d00aAlaska National Park glaciers: what do they tell us about climate change?0 aAlaska National Park glaciers what do they tell us about climate a18–250 v121 aLoso, M.G.1 aArendt, A.1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aMurphy, N.1 aRich, J. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/alaska-national-park-glaciers-what-do-they-tell-us-about-climate-change00446nas a2200133 4500008004100000245005900041210005700100260001600157300001400173490000800187100001800195700001300213856008600226 2014 eng d00aAlaska tidewater glacier terminus positions, 1948-20120 aAlaska tidewater glacier terminus positions 19482012 cJan-02-2014 a153 - 1670 v1191 aMcNabb, R W1 aHock, R. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrf.v119.2http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013JF00291500820nas a2200241 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260005600202300001600258490000800274100001500282700001400297700001200311700001400323700001600337700001700353700001600370700001700386700001500403700001500418700002000433856012500453 2014 eng d00aBoundary condition of grounding lines prior to collapse, Larsen-B Ice Shelf, Antarctica0 aBoundary condition of grounding lines prior to collapse LarsenB bAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science a1354–13580 v3451 aRebesco, M1 aDomack, E1 aZgur, F1 aLavoie, C1 aLeventer, A1 aBrachfeld, S1 aWillmott, V1 aHalverson, G1 aTruffer, M1 aScambos, T1 aPettit, Erin, C uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/boundary-condition-grounding-lines-prior-collapse-larsen-b-ice-shelf-antarctica-000425nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011400041210007100155300001400226490000700240100001500247856005300262 2014 eng d00aCorrespondence: Extending the lumped subglacial–englacial hydrology model of Bartholomaus and others (2011)0 aCorrespondence Extending the lumped subglacial–englacial hydrolo a808–8100 v601 aBueler, E. uhttp://www.igsoc.org/journal/60/222/t14j075.html01860nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009400041210007100135300001400206490000700220520136200227100001901589700002201608700002101630856006301651 2014 eng d00aCoupled ice sheet–climate modeling under glacial and pre-industrial boundary conditions0 aCoupled ice sheet–climate modeling under glacial and preindustri a1817-18360 v103 aIn the standard Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) experiments, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is modeled in quasi-equilibrium with atmosphere–ocean–vegetation general circulation models (AOVGCMs) with prescribed ice sheets. This can lead to inconsistencies between the modeled climate and ice sheets. One way to avoid this problem would be to model the ice sheets explicitly. Here, we present the first results from coupled ice sheet–climate simulations for the pre-industrial times and the LGM.
Our setup consists of the AOVGCM ECHAM5/MPIOM/LPJ bidirectionally coupled with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) covering the Northern Hemisphere. The results of the pre-industrial and LGM simulations agree reasonably well with reconstructions and observations. This shows that the model system adequately represents large, non-linear climate perturbations.
A large part of the drainage of the ice sheets occurs in ice streams. Most modeled ice stream systems show recurring surges as internal oscillations. The Hudson Strait Ice Stream surges with an ice volume equivalent to about 5 m sea level and a recurrence interval of about 7000 yr. This is in agreement with basic expectations for Heinrich events. Under LGM boundary conditions, different ice sheet configurations imply different locations of deep water formation.
1 aZiemen, F., A.1 aRodehacke, C., B.1 aMikolajewicz, U. uhttp://www.clim-past.net/10/1817/2014/cp-10-1817-2014.html00540nas a2200157 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157300001600226490000600242100001700248700001700265700001800282700002100300700001400321856004700335 2014 eng d00aThe effect of climate forcing on numerical simulations of the Cordilleran ice sheet at the Last Glacial Maximum0 aeffect of climate forcing on numerical simulations of the Cordil a1087–11030 v81 aSeguinot, J.1 aKhroulev, C.1 aRogozhina, I.1 aStroeven, A., P.1 aZhang, Q. uhttp://www.the-cryosphere.net/8/1087/2014/00402nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006300041210005800104300001600162490000700178100001500185856009200200 2014 eng d00aAn exact solution for a steady, flow-line marine ice sheet0 aexact solution for a steady flowline marine ice sheet a1117–11250 v601 aBueler, E. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/exact-solution-steady-flow-line-marine-ice-sheet00498nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007000041210006900111300001600180490000600196100002100202700002300223700001700246856010100263 2014 eng d00aGlacier area and length changes in Norway from repeat inventories0 aGlacier area and length changes in Norway from repeat inventorie a1885–19030 v81 aWinsvold, S., H.1 aAndreassen, L., M.1 aKienholz, C. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/glacier-area-and-length-changes-norway-repeat-inventories00511nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126300001400195490000600209100001900215700001600234700001300250856011400263 2014 eng d00aGlacier changes in the Karakoram region mapped by multimission satellite imagery0 aGlacier changes in the Karakoram region mapped by multimission s a977–9890 v81 aRankl, Melanie1 aKienholz, C1 aBraun, M uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/glacier-changes-karakoram-region-mapped-multimission-satellite-imagery00749nas a2200241 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149300001600218490000600234100001700240700002100257700001800278700001400296700001500310700001900325700001900344700002200363700001600385700002300401700002000424700001600444856004700460 2014 eng d00aGlacier dynamics at Helheim and Kangerdlugssuaq glaciers, southeast Greenland, since the Little Ice Age0 aGlacier dynamics at Helheim and Kangerdlugssuaq glaciers southea a1497–15070 v81 aKhan, S., A.1 aKjeldsen, K., K.1 aKjær, K., H.1 aBevan, S.1 aLuckman, A1 aAschwanden, A.1 aBjørk, A., A.1 aKorsgaard, N., J.1 aBox, J., E.1 aVan Den Broeke, M.1 avan Dam, T., M.1 aFitzner, A. uhttp://www.the-cryosphere.net/8/1497/2014/01653nas a2200289 4500008004100000020001800041245001900059210001900078520091100097653002301008653002101031653002001052653002001072653001901092653002401111100001901135700001801154700001801172700001601190700001501206700001801221700001401239700002201253700001601275700001401291856005801305 2014 eng d a978012396473100aGlacier Surges0 aGlacier Surges3 a© 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Surge-type glaciers periodically undergo large flow acceleration after extended quiescent phases of slow movement, usually accompanied by terminus advance. Such glaciers are relatively rare but occur in many of the world's glacierized areas. High water pressures and extreme basal sliding are obvious characteristics but key questions concerning this, usually spectacular phenomenon, remain open. Why are glaciers in some regions surge-type but not in others, what sort of "memory" lets glaciers surge again and again, what is the influence of climate, geology, and topography? Besides their scientific interest, glacier surges can also be a threat to humans, especially in connection with rapidly forming lakes and their sudden outbursts. Cases of hazard- and disaster-related glacier surges are described from the Pamirs, the Andes, the Italian Alps, and Alaska.10aFlow instabilities10aIce dammed lakes10aOutburst floods10aPipeline safety10aRiver blocking10asurge-type glaciers1 aHarrison, W.D.1 aOsipova, G.B.1 aNosenko, G.A.1 aEspizua, L.1 aKääb, A.1 aFischer , L1 aHuggel, C1 aBurns, P.A., Craw1 aTruffer, M.1 aLai, A.W. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/glacier-surges00359nas a2200121 4500008004100000245003200041210003200073260001300105300001400118100001700132700001700149856007100166 2014 eng d00aGlaciers and Climate Change0 aGlaciers and Climate Change bSpringer a205–2101 aHock, Regine1 aFreedman, B. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/glaciers-and-climate-change00710nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182300001200251490000700263653002400270653001900294653001300313653001700326653003000343653001300373653001900386100002200405700001700427856004800444 2014 eng d a0169-329800aGlaciers in the Earth’s Hydrological Cycle: Assessments of Glacier Mass and Runoff Changes on Global and Regional Scales0 aGlaciers in the Earth s Hydrological Cycle Assessments of Glacie a813-8370 v3510aGlacier projections10aglacier runoff10aglaciers10amass balance10aMass-balance observations10aModeling10aSea-level rise1 aRadić, Valentina1 aHock, Regine uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10712-013-9262-y00568nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132300001400201490000800215653001900223653002500242653001900267100001800286700001700304700002200321856004300343 2014 eng d a2169-901100aGlobal response of glacier runoff to twenty-first century climate change0 aGlobal response of glacier runoff to twentyfirst century climate a717–7300 v11910aclimate change10aglacier mass balance10aglacier runoff1 aBliss, Andrew1 aHock, Regine1 aRadić, Valentina uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JF00293100505nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125300001000194490000700204100001800211700001500229700001500244856011200259 2014 eng d00aHelicopter borne radar imaging of snow cover on and around glaciers in {A}laska0 aHelicopter borne radar imaging of snow cover on and around glaci a78-880 v551 aGusmeroli, A.1 aWolken, G.1 aArendt, A. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/helicopter-borne-radar-imaging-snow-cover-and-around-glaciers-alaska00408nas a2200085 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123100002000192856011000212 2014 eng d00aIce Thickness Measurements on the Harding Icefield , Kenai Peninsula , Alaska0 aIce Thickness Measurements on the Harding Icefield Kenai Peninsu1 aTruffer, Martin uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/ice-thickness-measurements-harding-icefield-kenai-peninsula-alaska00575nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006600041210006500107260004000172300001500212490000700227100002000234700002100254700002500275700002300300856009400323 2014 eng d00aInfluence of debris-rich basal ice on flow of a polar glacier0 aInfluence of debrisrich basal ice on flow of a polar glacier bInternational Glaciological Society a989–10060 v601 aPettit, Erin, C1 aWhorton, Erin, N1 aWaddington, Edwin, D1 aSletten, Ronald, S uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/influence-debris-rich-basal-ice-flow-polar-glacier00489nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142300001400211490000600225100001700231700001700248700001900265700001300284856004600297 2014 eng d00aA new method for deriving glacier centerlines applied to glaciers in Alaska and northwest Canada0 anew method for deriving glacier centerlines applied to glaciers a503–5190 v81 aKienholz, C.1 aRich, J., L.1 aArendt, A., A.1 aHock, R. uhttp://www.the-cryosphere.net/8/503/2014/00662nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245011100054210006900165300001400234490000700248653001200255653002500267653000800292653002300300100002000323700002000343700001900363700002100382856005300403 2014 eng d a0022143000aQuantifying velocity response to ocean tides and calving near the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland0 aQuantifying velocity response to ocean tides and calving near th a609–6210 v6010acalving10aglacier fluctuations10aice10aocean interactions1 aPodrasky, David1 aTruffer, Martin1 aLüthi, Martin1 aFahnestock, Mark uhttp://www.igsoc.org/journal/60/222/t13J130.html00921nas a2200325 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119300001400188490000700202100001800209700001500227700001400242700001400256700001500270700001600285700001600301700001300317700001300330700001700343700001400360700001600374700001400390700001300404700001500417700001600432700001300448700001300461700001400474856010700488 2014 eng d00aThe Randolph Glacier Inventory: a globally complete inventory of glaciers0 aRandolph Glacier Inventory a globally complete inventory of glac a537 - 5520 v601 aPfeffer, W.T.1 aArendt, A.1 aBliss, A.1 aBolch, T.1 aCogley, G.1 aGardner, A.1 aHagen, J-O.1 aHock, R.1 aKaser, G1 aKienholz, C.1 aMiles, E.1 aMoholdt, G.1 aMölg, N.1 aPaul, F.1 aRadić, V.1 aRastner, P.1 aRaup, B.1 aRich, J.1 aSharp, M. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/randolph-glacier-inventory-globally-complete-inventory-glaciers00664nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200300001400269490000700283100001700290700001600307700001700323700001500340700001800355856013300373 2014 eng d00aResolution-dependent performance of grounding line motion in a shallow model compared to a full-{S}tokes model according to the {MISMIP3d} intercomparison0 aResolutiondependent performance of grounding line motion in a sh a353–3600 v601 aFeldmann, J.1 aAlbrecht, T1 aKhroulev, C.1 aPattyn, F.1 aLevermann, A. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/resolution-dependent-performance-grounding-line-motion-shallow-model-compared-full-stokes00683nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245009700054210006900151300001400220490000700234653002000241653002300261100003300284700002100317700002600338700002100364700001800385700002100403856005300424 2014 eng d a0022143000a{Role of model initialization for projections of 21st-century Greenland ice sheet mass loss}0 aRole of model initialization for projections of 21stcentury Gree a782–7940 v6010aice and climate10aice-sheet modeling1 aAðalgeirsdóttir, Guðfinna1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aKhroulev, Constantine1 aBoberg, Frederik1 aMottram, Ruth1 aLucas-Picher, P. uhttp://www.igsoc.org/journal/60/222/t13j202.html00508nas a2200145 4500008004100000245006900041210006900110300001400179490000700193100001400200700001600214700001500230700001600245856010100261 2014 eng d00aSurface Drifters Track the Fate of Greenland Ice Sheet Meltwater0 aSurface Drifters Track the Fate of Greenland Ice Sheet Meltwater a237–2390 v951 aHauri, C.1 aTruffer, M.1 aWinsor, P.1 aLennert, K. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/surface-drifters-track-fate-greenland-ice-sheet-meltwater00501nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120300001600189490000600205100001800211700002000229700001300249700001300262700002100275856004700296 2014 eng d00aSurface velocity and mass balance of Livingston Island ice cap, Antarctica0 aSurface velocity and mass balance of Livingston Island ice cap A a1807–18230 v81 aOsmanoglu, B.1 aNavarro, F., J.1 aHock, R.1 aBraun, M1 aCorcuera, M., I. uhttp://www.the-cryosphere.net/8/1807/2014/01215nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210007100170300001400241490000600255520061700261653001200878653001500890100001600905700001600921700001500937700002000952856004900972 2014 eng d a1991-960300aA system of conservative regridding for ice–atmosphere coupling in a {General} {Circulation} {Model} ({GCM})0 asystem of conservative regridding for ice–atmosphere coupling in a883–9070 v73 aThe method of elevation classes, in which the ice surface model is run at multiple elevations within each grid cell, has proven to be a useful way for a low-resolution atmosphere inside a general circulation model (GCM) to produce high-resolution downscaled surface mass balance fields for use in one-way studies coupling atmospheres and ice flow models. Past uses of elevation classes have failed to conserve mass and energy because the transformation used to regrid to the atmosphere was inconsistent with the transformation used to downscale to the ice model. This would cause problems for two-way coupling.10a1911-UW10aRegridding1 aFischer, R.1 aNowicki, S.1 aKelley, M.1 aSchmidt, G., A. uhttps://www.geosci-model-dev.net/7/883/2014/00506nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245007500055210007100130653002100201653002100222653001800243100001900261700001300280700001200293856004300305 2014 eng d a2169-901100aVariations in {Alaska} tidewater glacier frontal ablation, 1985–20130 aVariations in Alaska tidewater glacier frontal ablation 1985–20110afrontal ablation10aglacier dynamics10aice thickness1 aMcNabb, R., W.1 aHock, R.1 aHuss, M uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JF00327601895nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140300001400209520127900223653001101502653001201513653002101525653001401546653001801560100001901578700002901597700002201626856004101648 2013 eng d a2169-935600aActive tectonics of the St. Elias orogen, Alaska, observed with GPS measurements0 aActive tectonics of the St Elias orogen Alaska observed with GPS an/a–n/a3 aWe use data from campaign and continuous GPS sites in southeast and south central Alaska to constrain a regional tectonic block model for the St. Elias orogen. Active tectonic deformation in the orogen is dominated by the effects of the collision of the Yakutat block with southern Alaska. Our results indicate that 37 mm/yr of convergence is accommodated along a relatively narrow belt of N-NW dipping thrust faults in the eastern half of the orogen, with the present-day deformation front running through Icy Bay and beneath the Malaspina Glacier. Near the Bering Glacier, the collisional thrust fault regime transitions into a broad, northwest dipping décollement as the Yakutat block basement begins to subduct beneath the counterclockwise rotating Elias block. The location of this transition aligns with the Gulf of Alaska shear zone, implying that the Pacific plate is fragmenting in response to the Yakutat collision. Our model indicates that the Bering Glacier region is undergoing internal deformation and could correspond to the final stage of offscraping and accretion of sediments from the Yakutat block prior to subduction. Predicted block motions at the western edge of the orogen suggest that the crust is laterally escaping along the Aleutian fore arc.10aAlaska10ageodesy10aSt. Elias orogen10atectonics10aYakutat block1 aElliott, Julie1 aFreymueller, Jeffrey, T.1 aLarsen, Chris, F. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.5034100626nas a2200181 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116300001200185490000700197100002400204700002200228700002200250700001800272700001300290700001800303700002100321856010200342 2013 eng d00aAnalysis of a GRACE global mascon solution for Gulf of Alaska glaciers0 aAnalysis of a GRACE global mascon solution for Gulf of Alaska gl a913-9240 v591 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aLuthcke, Scott, B1 aGardner, Alex, S.1 aOʼNeel, Shad1 aHill, D.1 aMoholdt, Geir1 aAbdalati, Waleed uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/analysis-grace-global-mascon-solution-gulf-alaska-glaciers00645nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151300001400220490000700234100002200241700001500263700001500278700002400293700001800317700001200335856012800347 2013 eng d00aAntarctica, Greenland and Gulf of Alaska land-ice evolution from an iterated GRACE global mascon solution0 aAntarctica Greenland and Gulf of Alaska landice evolution from a a613–6310 v591 aLuthcke, Scott, B1 aSabaka, TJ1 aLoomis, BD1 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aMcCarthy, J J1 aCamp, J uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/antarctica-greenland-and-gulf-alaska-land-ice-evolution-iterated-grace-global-mascon00945nas a2200301 4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260001500241300001600256490000700272100002300279700002200302700002000324700002100344700001900365700002200384700002100406700002000427700001700447700001800464700001700482700002300499700001700522700001700539700002000556700001900576856004800595 2013 eng d00aChallenges to Understanding the Dynamic Response of Greenland's Marine Terminating Glaciers to Oceanic and Atmospheric Forcing0 aChallenges to Understanding the Dynamic Response of Greenlands M c2013/08/01 a1131 - 11440 v941 aStraneo, Fiammetta1 aHeimbach, Patrick1 aSergienko, Olga1 aHamilton, Gordon1 aCatania, Ginny1 aGriffies, Stephen1 aHallberg, Robert1 aJenkins, Adrian1 aJoughin, Ian1 aMotyka, Roman1 aPfeffer, Tad1 aPrice, Stephen, F.1 aRignot, Eric1 aScambos, Ted1 aTruffer, Martin1 aVieli, Andreas uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00100.100539nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008200041210007000123260001200193300001600205490000600221100001700227700002000244700001500264856011400279 2013 eng d00aChanging basal conditions during the speed-up of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland0 aChanging basal conditions during the speedup of Jakobshavn Isbræ c11/2013 a1679–16920 v71 aHabermann, M1 aTruffer, Martin1 aMaxwell, D uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/changing-basal-conditions-during-speed-jakobshavn-isbr%C3%A6-greenland01633nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260000800221300001300229490000800242520081400250653002201064653001301086653001401099653002001113100001801133700001501151700001601166700001701182700001701199700001901216700002001235700001801255700002201273856004801295 2013 eng d a1095-920300aChannelized ice melting in the ocean boundary layer beneath Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica.0 aChannelized ice melting in the ocean boundary layer beneath Pine csep a1236–90 v3413 aIce shelves play a key role in the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheets by buttressing their seaward-flowing outlet glaciers; however, they are exposed to the underlying ocean and may weaken if ocean thermal forcing increases. An expedition to the ice shelf of the remote Pine Island Glacier, a major outlet of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that has rapidly thinned and accelerated in recent decades, has been completed. Observations from geophysical surveys and long-term oceanographic instruments deployed down bore holes into the ocean cavity reveal a buoyancy-driven boundary layer within a basal channel that melts the channel apex by 0.06 meter per day, with near-zero melt rates along the flanks of the channel. A complex pattern of such channels is visible throughout the Pine Island Glacier shelf.10aAntarctic Regions10aFreezing10aIce Cover10aOceans and Seas1 aStanton, T, P1 aShaw, W, J1 aTruffer, M.1 aCorr, H, F J1 aPeters, L, E1 aRiverman, K, L1 aBindschadler, R1 aHolland, D, M1 aAnandakrishnan, S uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2403101600491nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245006500055210006400120300001200184490000800196100003000204700002200234700001800256856007100274 2013 eng d a0012-821X00aDoes calving matter? Evidence for significant submarine melt0 aDoes calving matter Evidence for significant submarine melt a21 - 300 v3801 aBartholomaus, Timothy, C.1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aOʼNeel, Shad uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X1300440800442nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300000600207490000700213100001300220700001500233700001700248856004300265 2013 eng d00aEstimating glacier snow accumulation from backward calculation of melt and snowline tracking0 aEstimating glacier snow accumulation from backward calculation o a10 v541 aHulth, J1 aDENBY, C R1 aHock, Regine uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/8301783nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123300001200192490000700204520127800211100002301489700002001512700002601532856007901558 2013 eng d00aThe evolution of crystal fabric in ice sheets and its link to climate history0 aevolution of crystal fabric in ice sheets and its link to climat a357-3730 v593 aThe evolution of preferred crystal-orientation fabrics is strongly sensitive to the initial fabric and texture. A perturbation in climate can induce variations in fabric and texture in the firn. Feedbacks between fabric evolution and ice deformation can enhance these variations through time and depth in an ice sheet. We model the evolution of fabric under vertical uniaxial compression and pure shear regimes typical of ice divides. Using an analytic anisotropic flow law applied to an aggregate of distinct ice crystals, the model evolves the fabric and includes parameterizations of crystal growth, polygonization and migration recrystallization. Stress and temperature history drive the fabric evolution. Using this model, we explore the evolution of a subtle variation in near-surface fabric using both constant applied stress and a stress-temperature history based on data from Taylor Dome, East Antarctica. Our model suggests that a subtle variation in fabric caused by climate perturbations will be preserved through time and depth in an ice sheet. The stress history and polygonization rate primarily control the magnitude of the preserved climate signal. These results offer the possibility of extracting information about past climate directly from ice fabrics.1 aKennedy, Joseph, H1 aPettit, Erin, C1 aDi Prinzio, Carlos, L uhttp://glacierstest.gi.alaska.edu/sites/default/files/bibfiles/t12J159.pdf00359nas a2200121 4500008004100000245004000041210004000081490000600121100002200127700002500149700002200174856004100196 2013 eng d00aFlow velocities of Alaskan glaciers0 aFlow velocities of Alaskan glaciers0 v41 aBurgess, Evan, W.1 aForster, Richard, R.1 aLarsen, Chris, F. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms314600526nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139300001200208490000700220100001600227700001700243700001600260856011600276 2013 eng d00aGeodetic Mass Balance of Glaciers in the Central Brooks Range, Alaska, USA, from 1970 to 20010 aGeodetic Mass Balance of Glaciers in the Central Brooks Range Al a29–380 v451 aGeck, Jason1 aHock, Regine1 aNolan, Matt uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/geodetic-mass-balance-glaciers-central-brooks-range-alaska-usa-1970-200100527nas a2200157 4500008004100000245004600041210004400087260004200131100001900173700002200192700001500214700001500229700002400244700001800268856008300286 2013 eng d00aGlaciers and ice caps (outside Greenland)0 aGlaciers and ice caps outside Greenland b Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 94(7), S1431 aWolken, G., J.1 aSharp, Martin, J.1 aGeai, M-L.1 aBurges, D.1 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aWouters, Bert uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/glaciers-and-ice-caps-outside-greenland00524nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114300001600183490000600199100002100205700003200226700002600258856010600284 2013 eng d00aHindcasting to measure ice sheet model sensitivity to initial states0 aHindcasting to measure ice sheet model sensitivity to initial st a1083–10930 v71 aAschwanden, Andy1 aAðalgeirsdóttir, Gudfinna1 aKhroulev, Constantine uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/hindcasting-measure-ice-sheet-model-sensitivity-initial-states00826nas a2200229 4500008004100000245012600041210006900167300001400236490000700250100002900257700002000286700002100306700002100327700001800348700001700366700001800383700001600401700001900417700001800436700001100454856013100465 2013 eng d00aIce-sheet model sensitivities to environmental forcing and their use in projecting future sea-level (The SeaRISE Project)0 aIcesheet model sensitivities to environmental forcing and their a195–2240 v591 aBindschadler, Robert, A.1 aNowicki, Sophie1 aAbe-Ouchi, Ayako1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aChoi, Hyeungu1 aFastook, Jim1 aGranzow, Glen1 aGreve, Ralf1 aGutowski, Gail1 aHerzfeld, Ute1 aothers uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/ice-sheet-model-sensitivities-environmental-forcing-and-their-use-projecting-future-sea01461nas a2200493 4500008004100000022001300041245014500054210006900199260000800268300001600276490000800292100002000300700002900320700002100349700002100370700001500391700001800406700001700424700001800441700001600459700001900475700001800494700002100512700002200533700002600555700001700581700002200598700002600620700002200646700002300668700002300691700001900714700002300733700001800756700001700774700001800791700001800809700001900827700002100846700002100867700001700888700001800905856004400923 2013 eng d a2169900300a{Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project II: Greenland}0 aInsights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to envi cjun a1025–10440 v1181 aNowicki, Sophie1 aBindschadler, Robert, A.1 aAbe-Ouchi, Ayako1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aBueler, E.1 aChoi, Hyeungu1 aFastook, Jim1 aGranzow, Glen1 aGreve, Ralf1 aGutowski, Gail1 aHerzfeld, Ute1 aJackson, Charles1 aJohnson, Jesse, V1 aKhroulev, Constantine1 aLarour, Eric1 aLevermann, Anders1 aLipscomb, William, H.1 aMartin, Maria, A.1 aMorlighem, Mathieu1 aParizek, Byron, R.1 aPollard, David1 aPrice, Stephen, F.1 aRen, Diandong1 aRignot, Eric1 aSaito, Fuyuki1 aSato, Tatsuru1 aSeddik, Hakime1 aSeroussi, Helene1 aTakahashi, Kunio1 aWalker, Ryan1 aWang, Wei, Li uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrf.2007601441nas a2200481 4500008004100000022001300041245014500054210006900199300001600268490000800284100002000292700002900312700002100341700002100362700001500383700001800398700001700416700001800433700001600451700001900467700001800486700002100504700002200525700002600547700001700573700002200590700002600612700002200638700002300660700002300683700001900706700002300725700001800748700001700766700001800783700001800801700001900819700002100838700002100859700001700880700001800897856004400915 2013 eng d a2169900300a{Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project I: Antarctica}0 aInsights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to envi a1002–10240 v1181 aNowicki, Sophie1 aBindschadler, Robert, A.1 aAbe-Ouchi, Ayako1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aBueler, E.1 aChoi, Hyeungu1 aFastook, Jim1 aGranzow, Glen1 aGreve, Ralf1 aGutowski, Gail1 aHerzfeld, Ute1 aJackson, Charles1 aJohnson, Jesse, V1 aKhroulev, Constantine1 aLarour, Eric1 aLevermann, Anders1 aLipscomb, William, H.1 aMartin, Maria, A.1 aMorlighem, Mathieu1 aParizek, Byron, R.1 aPollard, David1 aPrice, Stephen, F.1 aRen, Diandong1 aRignot, Eric1 aSaito, Fuyuki1 aSato, Tatsuru1 aSeddik, Hakime1 aSeroussi, Helene1 aTakahashi, Kunio1 aWalker, Ryan1 aWang, Wei, Li uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrf.2008101582nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131300001400200520091200214653001101126653001901137653001501156653001701171653001001188653001401198100001701212700001701229700002201246700001201268700001701280856004301297 2013 eng d a1944-800700aLow-frequency radar sounding of temperate ice masses in Southern Alaska0 aLowfrequency radar sounding of temperate ice masses in Southern an/a–n/a3 aWe present the Warm Ice Sounding Explorer (WISE), a low-frequency (2.5 MHz) radar for the sounding of temperate ice. WISE deployment in southern Alaska in 2008 and 2012 provides comprehensive measurements of glacier thickness, reveals deep valleys beneath glaciers and the full extent of zones grounded below sea level. The east branch of Columbia Glacier is deeper that its main branch and remains below sea level 20 km farther inland. Ice is 1000 m deep on Tazlina Glacier. On Bering glacier, two sills separate three deep bed depressions (>1200 m) that coincide with the dynamic balance lines during surges. The piedmont lobe of Malaspina Glacier and the lower reaches of Hubbard Glacier are entirely grounded below sea level 40 and 10 km, respectively, from their termini. Knowledge of ice thickness in these regions helps better understand their glacier dynamics, mass balance, and impact on sea level.10aAlaska10abed topography10aglaciology10amass balance10aradar10athickness1 aRignot, Eric1 aMouginot, J.1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aGim, Y.1 aKirchner, D. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL05745200668nas a2200157 4500008004100000245013100041210006900172300001400241490000700255100002300262700002200285700002200307700002400329700002100353856013600374 2013 eng d00aMass balance in the Glacier Bay area of Alaska, USA, and British Columbia, Canada, 1995–2011, using airborne laser altimetry0 aMass balance in the Glacier Bay area of Alaska USA and British C a632–6480 v591 aJohnson, Austin, J1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aMurphy, Nathaniel1 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aZirnheld, S, Lee uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/mass-balance-glacier-bay-area-alaska-usa-and-british-columbia-canada-1995%E2%80%932011-using00469nas a2200145 4500008004100000024001100041245008200052210006900134300001200203490000700215100001800222700001700240700002300257856004300280 2013 eng d a63A37700aA new inventory of mountain glaciers and ice caps for the Antarctic periphery0 anew inventory of mountain glaciers and ice caps for the Antarcti a191-1990 v541 aBliss, Andrew1 aHock, Regine1 aCogley, J., Graham uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/8400529nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131300001200200490000700212100001700219700001700236700002400253856011800277 2013 eng d00aA new semi-automatic approach for dividing glacier complexes into individual glaciers0 anew semiautomatic approach for dividing glacier complexes into i a925-9360 v591 aKienholz, C.1 aHock, Regine1 aArendt, Anthony, A. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/new-semi-automatic-approach-dividing-glacier-complexes-individual-glaciers00559nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130300001200199490000800211100002200219700001500241700002100256700002000277856011600297 2013 eng d00aA nonsmooth Newton multigrid method for a hybrid, shallow model of marine ice sheets0 anonsmooth Newton multigrid method for a hybrid shallow model of a197-2050 v5861 aJouvet, Guillaume1 aBueler, E.1 aGräser, Carsten1 aKornhuber, Ralf uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/nonsmooth-newton-multigrid-method-hybrid-shallow-model-marine-ice-sheets01637nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165300001600234490000700250520097100257653002301228653003101251653001901282100002901301700001601330700002001346700002201366856004301388 2013 eng d a1944-800700aAn open ocean region in Neoproterozoic glaciations would have to be narrow to allow equatorial ice sheets0 aopen ocean region in Neoproterozoic glaciations would have to be a5503–55070 v403 aA major goal of understanding Neoproterozoic glaciations and determining their effect on the evolution of life and Earth's atmosphere is establishing whether and how much open ocean there was during them. Geological evidence tells us that continental ice sheets had to flow into the ocean near the equator during these glaciations. Here we drive the Parallel Ice Sheet Model with output from four simulations of the ECHAM5/Max Planck Institute Ocean Model atmosphere-ocean general circulation model with successively narrower open ocean regions. We find that extensive equatorial ice sheets form on marine margins if sea ice extends to within about 20° latitude of the equator or less (Jormungand-like and hard snowball states), but do not form if there is more open ocean than this. Given uncertainty in topographical reconstruction and ice sheet ablation parameterizations, we perform extensive sensitivity tests to confirm the robustness of our main conclusions.10aice sheet modeling10aNeoproterozoic glaciations10asnowball Earth1 aRodehacke, Christian, B.1 aVoigt, Aiko1 aZiemen, Florian1 aAbbot, Dorian, S. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL05758201821nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121300001200190490000700202520128600209100001801495700002501513700002201538700001901560856008401579 2013 eng d00aThe propagation of a surge front on Bering Glacier, Alaska, 2001–20110 apropagation of a surge front on Bering Glacier Alaska 2001821120 a221-2280 v543 aBering Glacier, Alaska, USA, has a ∼20 year surge cycle, with its most recent surge reaching the terminus in 2011. To study this most recent activity a time series of ice velocity maps was produced by applying optical feature-tracking methods to Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery spanning 2001–11. The velocity maps show a yearly increase in ice surface velocity associated with the down-glacier movement of a surge front. In 2008/09 the maximum ice surface velocity was 1.5 ± 0.017 km a–1 in the mid-ablation zone, which decreased to 1.2 ± 0.015 km a–1 in 2009/10 in the lower ablation zone, and then increased to nearly 4.4 ± 0.03 km a–1 in summer 2011 when the surge front reached the glacier terminus. The surge front propagated down-glacier as a kinematic wave at an average rate of 4.4 ± 2.0 km a–1 between September 2002 and April 2009, then accelerated to 13.9 ± 2.0 km a–1 as it entered the piedmont lobe between April 2009 and September 2010. The wave seems to have initiated near the confluence of Bering Glacier and Bagley Ice Valley as early as 2001, and the surge was triggered in 2008 further down-glacier in the mid-ablation zone after the wave passed an ice reservoir area.1 aTurrin, James1 aForster, Richard, R.1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aSauber, Jeanne uhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/agl/2013/00000054/00000063/art0002401664nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041024001300055245008400068210006900152490000700221520100800228653002101236653002201257653002301279100002201302700001801324700002301342700002001365700002101385856004001406 2013 eng d a1944-8007 aGRL5101100aRapid Submarine Melting Driven by Subglacial Discharge, LeConte Glacier, Alaska0 aRapid Submarine Melting Driven by Subglacial Discharge LeConte G0 v403 aWe show that subglacial freshwater discharge is the principal process driving high rates of submarine melting at tidewater glaciers. This buoyant discharge draws in warm seawater, entraining it in a turbulent upwelling flow along the submarine face that melts glacier ice. To capture the effects of subglacial discharge on submarine melting, we conducted 4 days of hydrographic transects during late summer 2012 at LeConte Glacier, Alaska. A major rainstorm allowed us to document the influence of large changes in subglacial discharge. We found strong submarine melt fluxes that increased from 9.1 ± 1.0 to 16.8 ± 1.3 m d−1 (ice face equivalent frontal ablation) as a result of the rainstorm. With projected continued global warming and increased glacial runoff, our results highlight the direct impact that increases in subglacial discharge will have on tidewater outlet systems. These effects must be considered when modeling glacier response to future warming and increased runoff.10afrontal ablation10asubmarine melting10atidewater glaciers1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aDryer, W., P.1 aAmundson, Jason, M1 aTruffer, Martin1 aFahnestock, Mark uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.5101100553nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245011500054210006900169300001400238490000700252100002600259700002200285700001600307700001900323856005300342 2013 eng d a0022143000aRapid thinning of lake-calving Yakutat Glacier and the collapse of the Yakutat Icefield, southeast Alaska, USA0 aRapid thinning of lakecalving Yakutat Glacier and the collapse o a149–1610 v591 aTrüssel, Barbara, L.1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aTruffer, M.1 aLarsen, C., F. uhttp://www.igsoc.org/journal/59/213/t12J081.html02192nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245008400055210006900139490000700208520154400215653002001759653001901779653001601798653001501814653000801829653001501837100001701852700001701869700002001886856006801906 2013 eng d a1751-836900aRecent air and ground temperature increases at Tarfala Research Station, Sweden0 aRecent air and ground temperature increases at Tarfala Research 0 v323 aLong-term data records are essential to detect and understand environmental change, in particular in generally data-sparse high-latitude and high-altitude regions. Here, we analyse a 47-year air temperature record (1965-2011) at Tarfala Research Station (67° 54.7'N, 18° 36.7'E, 1135 m a.s.l.) in northern Sweden, and a nearby 11-year record of 100-m-deep ground temperature (2001-11; 1540 m a.s.l.). The air temperature record shows a mean annual air temperature of -3.5±0.9°C (±1 standard deviation s) and a linear warming trend of ±0.042°C yr-1. The warming trend shows large month-to-month variations with the largest trend in January followed by October. Also, the number of days with positive mean daily temperatures and positive degree-day sums has increased during the last two decades compared to the previous period. Temperature lapse rates derived from the mean daily Tarfala record and an air temperature record at the borehole site average 4.5°C km-1 and tend to be higher in summer than in winter. Mean summer air temperatures at Tarfala explain 76% of the variance of the summer glacier mass balance of nearby Storglacia¨ren. Consistent with the observed increase in Tarfala’s air temperature, the ground temperature record shows significant permafrost warming with the largest trend (0.047°C yr-1) found at 20 m depth.Keywords: Air temperature; climate change; permafrost; lapse rate; degree-days; NAO(Published: 15 July 2013)Citation: Polar Research 2013, 32, 19807, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.1980710aAir temperature10aclimate change10adegree-days10alapse rate10aNAO10apermafrost1 aJonsell, Ulf1 aHock, Regine1 aDuguay, Martial uhttp://www.polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/article/view/1980701770nas a2200301 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124300001200193490000800205520086000213100002201073700001801095700002301113700001801136700002401154700001501178700002201193700001701215700002101232700001701253700003001270700001801300700002201318700002001340700003201360700001601392856006001408 2013 eng d00aA Reconciled Estimate of Glacier Contributions to Sea Level Rise: 2003 to 20090 aReconciled Estimate of Glacier Contributions to Sea Level Rise 2 a852-8570 v3403 aGlaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets are losing large amounts of water to the world’s oceans. However, estimates of their contribution to sea level rise disagree. We provide a consensus estimate by standardizing existing, and creating new, mass-budget estimates from satellite gravimetry and altimetry and from local glaciological records. In many regions, local measurements are more negative than satellite-based estimates. All regions lost mass during 2003–2009, with the largest losses from Arctic Canada, Alaska, coastal Greenland, the southern Andes, and high-mountain Asia, but there was little loss from glaciers in Antarctica. Over this period, the global mass budget was –259 ± 28 gigatons per year, equivalent to the combined loss from both ice sheets and accounting for 29 ± 13% of the observed sea level rise.1 aGardner, Alex, S.1 aMoholdt, Geir1 aCogley, J., Graham1 aWouters, Bert1 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aWahr, John1 aBerthier, Etienne1 aHock, Regine1 aPfeffer, W., Tad1 aKaser, Georg1 aLigtenberg, Stefan, R. M.1 aBolch, Tobias1 aSharp, Martin, J.1 aHagen, Jon, Ove1 avan den Broeke, Michiel, R.1 aPaul, Frank uhttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6134/852.abstract00749nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245014100055210006900196300000900265653002600274653003400300653004500334100002200379700001800401700002000419700001700439700001600456700002300472856004800495 2013 eng d a0930-757500aRegional and global projections of twenty-first century glacier mass changes in response to climate scenarios from global climate models0 aRegional and global projections of twentyfirst century glacier m a1-2210aGlobal climate models10aProjections of sea level rise10aRegional and global glacier mass changes1 aRadić, Valentina1 aBliss, Andrew1 aBeedlow, A.Cody1 aHock, Regine1 aMiles, Evan1 aCogley, J., Graham uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1719-700558nas a2200169 4500008004100000024001100041245010900052210006900161300001200230490000700242100002500249700001700274700002000291700001700311700001700328856004300345 2013 eng d a63A28000aThe role of subsurface heat exchange: energy partitioning at Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard, over 2004-20080 arole of subsurface heat exchange energy partitioning at Austfonn a229-2400 v541 aØSTBY, Torbjørn, I1 aSchuler, T V1 aHagen, Jon, Ove1 aHock, Regine1 aReijmer, C H uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/8602495nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245013200055210006900187300001600256490000800272520156700280653001001847653004601857653002401903653004101927653004901968653003002017100001702047700001702064700002202081700001602103700002002119700002102139700001602160856004102176 2013 eng d a2169-929100aOn the seasonal freshwater stratification in the proximity of fast-flowing tidewater outlet glaciers in a sub-Arctic sill fjord0 aseasonal freshwater stratification in the proximity of fastflowi a1382–13950 v1183 aThe Greenland Ice Sheet releases large amounts of freshwater into the fjords around Greenland and many fjords are in direct contact with the ice sheet through tidewater outlet glaciers. Here we present the first seasonal hydrographic observations from the inner part of a sub-Arctic fjord, relatively close to and within 4–50 km of a fast-flowing tidewater outlet glacier. This region is characterized by a dense glacial and sea ice cover. Freshwater from runoff, subglacial freshwater (SgFW) discharge, glacial, and sea ice melt are observed above 50–90 m depth. During summer, SgFW and subsurface glacial melt mixed with ambient water are observed as a layered structure in the temperature profiles below the low-saline summer surface layer (<7 m). During winter, the upper water column is characterized by stepwise halo- and thermoclines formed by mixing between deeper layers and the surface layer influenced by ice melt. The warm (T > 1°C) intermediate water mass is a significant subsurface heat source for ice melt. We analyze the temperature and salinity profiles observed in late summer with a thermodynamic mixing model and determine the total freshwater content in the layer below the summer surface layer to be between 5% and 11%. The total freshwater contribution in this layer from melted glacial ice was estimated to be 1–2%, while the corresponding SgFW was estimated to be 3–10%. The winter measurements in the subsurface halocline layer showed a total freshwater content of about 1% and no significant contribution from SgFW.10afjord10afreshwater sources and their distribution10aGreenland Ice Sheet10asubglacial freshwater fraction model10asubsurface heat sources for glacial ice melt10atidewater outlet glaciers1 aMortensen, J1 aBendtsen, J.1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aLennert, K.1 aTruffer, Martin1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aRysgaard, S uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.2013400661nas a2200181 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142300001200211490000700223100001500230700002500245700001400270700002200284700002000306700001900326700001700345856011700362 2013 eng d00aSoutheast Greenland high accumulation rates derived from firn cores and ground-penetrating radar0 aSoutheast Greenland high accumulation rates derived from firn co a322-3320 v541 aMiège, C.1 aForster, Richard, R.1 aBox, J.E.1 aBurgess, Evan, W.1 aMcConnell, J.R.1 aPasteris, D.R.1 aSpikes, V.B. uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84881651457&partnerID=40&md5=6aa824682a2fef9009d445649f72c29801577nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245007100055210006900126520095700195653001101152653001701163653002201180653002001202653002601222653001101248100002201259700002201281700002501303856004301328 2013 eng d a1944-800700aSummer melt regulates winter glacier flow speeds throughout Alaska0 aSummer melt regulates winter glacier flow speeds throughout Alas3 aPredicting how climate change will affect glacier and ice sheet flow speeds remains a large hurdle towards accurate sea level rise forecasting. Increases in surface melt rates are known to accelerate glacier flow in summer, whereas in winter, flow speeds are believed to be relatively invariant. Here we show that wintertime flow speeds on nearly all major glaciers throughout Alaska are not only variable but are inversely related to melt from preceding summers. For each additional meter of summertime melt, we observe an 11% decrease in wintertime velocity on glaciers of all sizes, geometries, climates and bed types. This dynamic occurs because inter-annual differences in summertime melt affect how much water is retained in the sub-glacial system during winter. The ubiquity of the dynamic indicates it occurs globally on glaciers and ice sheets not frozen to their beds and thus constitutes a new mechanism affecting sea level rise projections.10aAlaska10aIce Dynamics10aMountain Glaciers10aOffset Tracking10aSub-Glacial Hydrology10aWinter1 aBurgess, Evan, W.1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aForster, Richard, R. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL05822800506nas a2200157 4500008004100000024001100041245008800052210006900140300001200209490000700221100002400228700001300252700001700265700002300282856004300305 2013 eng d a63A51700aSurface velocity and ice discharge of the ice cap on King George Island, Antarctica0 aSurface velocity and ice discharge of the ice cap on King George a111-1190 v541 aOsamanoglu, Batuhan1 aBraun, M1 aHock, Regine1 aNavarro, Francisco uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/8500554nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260003400183300001600217490000800233100001800241700002300259700002000282856010600302 2013 eng d00aUnderwater sound radiated by bubbles released by melting glacier ice0 aUnderwater sound radiated by bubbles released by melting glacier bAcoustical Society of America a4172–41720 v1341 aLee, Kevin, M1 aWilson, Preston, S1 aPettit, Erin, C uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/underwater-sound-radiated-bubbles-released-melting-glacier-ice00678nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176300001200245490000700257100002300264700002400287700001700311700001500328700001600343700001400359856013500373 2013 eng d00aVariable penetration depth of interferometric synthetic aperture radar signals on Alaska glaciers: a cold surface layer hypothesis0 aVariable penetration depth of interferometric synthetic aperture a218-2230 v541 aGusmeroli, Alessio1 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aAtwood, D, K1 aKampes, B.1 aSanford, M.1 aYoung, J. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/variable-penetration-depth-interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar-signals-alaska-glaciers00615nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012000041210006900161300001600230490000600246100002200252700001800274700002400292700001800316856013500334 2012 eng d00aAccelerated contributions of Canada's Baffin and Bylot Island glaciers to sea level rise over the past half century0 aAccelerated contributions of Canadas Baffin and Bylot Island gla a1103–11250 v61 aGardner, Alex, S.1 aMoholdt, Geir1 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aWouters, Bert uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/accelerated-contributions-canadas-baffin-and-bylot-island-glaciers-sea-level-rise-over-past00741nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012800055210006900183260000800252300001100260490000800271653001200279653001200291653001200303653001500315100001500330700002100345700001500366700001600381700002100397700002000418856006100438 2012 eng d a0148-022700aAnalysis of low-frequency seismic signals generated during a multiple-iceberg calving event at Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland0 aAnalysis of lowfrequency seismic signals generated during a mult cmar a1–110 v11710acalving10aglacier10aiceberg10aseismology1 aWalter, F.1 aAmundson, J., M.1 aO'Neel, S.1 aTruffer, M.1 aFahnestock, M.A.1 aFricker, H., A. uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2012/2011JF002132.shtml00702nas a2200193 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260002000213300001400233490000600247100001800253700001600271700001600287700001200303700002300315700002000338700001500358856013500373 2012 eng d00aBorehole temperatures reveal details of 20th century warming at Bruce Plateau, Antarctic Peninsula0 aBorehole temperatures reveal details of 20th century warming at bCopernicus GmbH a675–6860 v61 aZagorodnov, V1 aNagornov, O1 aScambos, TA1 aMuto, A1 aMosley-Thompson, E1 aPettit, Erin, C1 aTyuflin, S uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/borehole-temperatures-reveal-details-20th-century-warming-bruce-plateau-antarctic-peninsula00457nas a2200145 4500008004100000245006300041210006300104300001100167490000800178100003000186700002200216700001800238700001200256856004300268 2012 eng d00aCalving seismicity from iceberg–sea surface interactions0 aCalving seismicity from iceberg–sea surface interactions aF040290 v1171 aBartholomaus, Timothy, C.1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aOʼNeel, Shad1 aWest, M uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/8000415nas a2200145 4500008004100000245005500041210005400096300001400150490000700164100001200171700001700183700001400200700001200214856004300226 2012 eng d00aConventional versus reference-surface mass balance0 aConventional versus referencesurface mass balance a278–2860 v581 aHuss, M1 aHock, Regine1 aBauder, A1 aFunk, M uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/7400544nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007200041210006700113260002500180490000800205100002300213700002000236700002300256700002000279856009900299 2012 eng d00aThe crystal fabric of ice from full-waveform borehole sonic logging0 acrystal fabric of ice from fullwaveform borehole sonic logging bWiley Online Library0 v1171 aGusmeroli, Alessio1 aPettit, Erin, C1 aKennedy, Joseph, H1 aRitz, Catherine uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/crystal-fabric-ice-full-waveform-borehole-sonic-logging01732nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155300001400224490000800238520108300246653001801329653002201347653002401369100001601393700001501409700001301424700001401437700002001451856004301471 2012 eng d a2156-220200aA detailed view into the eruption clouds of Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala, using Doppler radar0 adetailed view into the eruption clouds of Santiaguito volcano Gu an/a–n/a0 v1173 aUsing Doppler radar technology we are able to show that eruptions at Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala, are comprised of multiple explosive degassing pulses occurring at a frequency of 0.2 to 0.3 Hz. The Doppler radar system was installed about 2.7 km away from the active dome on the top of Santa Maria volcano. During four days of continuous measurement 157 eruptive events were recorded. The Doppler radar data reveals a vertical uplift of the dome surface of about 50 cm immediately prior to a first degassing pulse. Particle velocities range from 10 to 15 m/s (in the line of sight of the radar). In 80% of the observed eruptions a second degassing pulse emanates from the dome with significantly higher particle velocities (20–25 m/s again line of sight) and increased echo power, which implies an increase in mass flux. We carry out numerical experiments of ballistic particle transport and calculate corresponding synthetic radar signals. These calculations show that the observations are consistent with a pulsed release of material from the dome of Santiaguito volcano.10aDoppler radar10aeruption dynamics10aSantiaguito volcano1 aScharff, L.1 aZiemen, F.1 aHort, M.1 aGerst, A.1 aJohnson, J., B. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB00854200484nas a2200145 4500008004100000245005800041210005300099300001400152490000700166100002100173700001500194700002600209700001500235856008800250 2012 eng d00a{An enthalpy formulation for glaciers and ice sheets}0 aenthalpy formulation for glaciers and ice sheets a441–4570 v581 aAschwanden, Andy1 aBueler, E.1 aKhroulev, Constantine1 aBlatter, H uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/enthalpy-formulation-glaciers-and-ice-sheets00666nas a2200217 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300001100216490000800227100001800235700001300253700001100266700001400277700002900291700002200320700001200342700001600354700001300370700002200383856004300405 2012 eng d00aGravity and uplift rates observed in southeast Alaska and their comparison with GIA model predictions0 aGravity and uplift rates observed in southeast Alaska and their aB014010 v1171 aSato, Tatsuru1 aMiura, S1 aSun, W1 aSugano, T1 aFreymueller, Jeffrey, T.1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aOhta, Y1 aFujimoto, H1 aInazu, D1 aMotyka, Roman, J. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/5900758nas a2200181 4500008004100000245014500041210006900186260004000255300001600295490000700311100001900318700001900337700002200356700002500378700002000403700002000423856013300443 2012 eng d00aIce-core net snow accumulation and seasonal snow chemistry at a temperate-glacier site: Mount Waddington, southwest British Columbia, Canada0 aIcecore net snow accumulation and seasonal snow chemistry at a t bInternational Glaciological Society a1165–11750 v581 aNeff, Peter, D1 aSteig, Eric, J1 aClark, Douglas, H1 aMcConnell, Joseph, R1 aPettit, Erin, C1 aMenounos, Brian uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/ice-core-net-snow-accumulation-and-seasonal-snow-chemistry-temperate-glacier-site-mount-000651nas a2200157 4500008004100000245014500041210006900186300000900255490000700264100001300271700001900284700002200303700002500325700001200350856013100362 2012 eng d00aIce-core net snow accumulation and seasonal snow chemistry at a temperate-glacier site: Mount Waddington, southwest British Columbia, Canada0 aIcecore net snow accumulation and seasonal snow chemistry at a t a11650 v581 aPeter, D1 aSteig, Eric, J1 aClark, Douglas, H1 aMcConnell, Joseph, R1 aErin, C uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/ice-core-net-snow-accumulation-and-seasonal-snow-chemistry-temperate-glacier-site-mount00548nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260003500193490000700228100002000235700002400255700001700279856011800296 2012 eng d00aListening to Glaciers: Passive Hydroacoustics Near Marine-Terminating Glaciers0 aListening to Glaciers Passive Hydroacoustics Near MarineTerminat bThe Oceanography Society (TOS)0 v251 aPettit, Erin, C1 aNystuen, Jeffrey, A1 aO'Neel, Shad uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/listening-glaciers-passive-hydroacoustics-near-marine-terminating-glaciers00688nas a2200217 4500008004100000020002200041245003500063210003500098260007700133300000800210100002200218700001900240700002400259700002000283700001700303700001800320700001800338700002100356700001900377856007400396 2012 eng d a978-82-7971-071-400aMountain Glaciers and ice caps0 aMountain Glaciers and ice caps aOslo, NorwaybArctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)c11/2011 a5381 aSharp, Martin, J.1 aAnanicheva, M.1 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aHagen, Jon, Ove1 aHock, Regine1 aJosberger, E.1 aMoore, R., D.1 aPfeffer, W., Tad1 aWolken, G., J. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/mountain-glaciers-and-ice-caps00669nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151300001200220490000700232100002100239700002100260700002100281700001600302700002200318700002300340856013600363 2012 eng d00aObserving calving-generated ocean waves with coastal broadband seismometers, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland0 aObserving calvinggenerated ocean waves with coastal broadband se a79–840 v531 aAmundson, J., M.1 aClinton, John, F1 aFahnestock, M.A.1 aTruffer, M.1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aLüthi, Martin, P. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/observing-calving-generated-ocean-waves-coastal-broadband-seismometers-jakobshavn-isbr%C3%A600655nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148300000900217490000700226100002000233700002000253700002100273700002300294700001900317700001700336856013200353 2012 eng d00aOutlet glacier response to forcing over hourly to interannual timescales, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland0 aOutlet glacier response to forcing over hourly to interannual ti a12120 v581 aPodrasky, David1 aTruffer, Martin1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aAmundson, Jason, M1 aCassotto, Ryan1 aJoughin, Ian uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/outlet-glacier-response-forcing-over-hourly-interannual-timescales-jakobshavn-isbr%C3%A600688nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001300041245010700054210006900161260000800230300001600238490000700254100002000261700002000281700002100301700002400322700001900346700001700365856011200382 2012 eng d a0022143000aOutlet glacier response to forcing over hourly to interannual timescales, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland0 aOutlet glacier response to forcing over hourly to interannual ti cdec a1212–12260 v581 aPodrasky, David1 aTruffer, Martin1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aAmundson, Jason, M.1 aCassotto, Ryan1 aJoughin, Ian uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{&}issn=0022-1430{&}volume=58{&}issue=212{&}spage=121200403nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006100041210006100102300000800163490000700171100002000178856009500198 2012 eng d00aPassive underwater acoustic evolution of a calving event0 aPassive underwater acoustic evolution of a calving event a1130 v531 aPettit, Erin, C uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/passive-underwater-acoustic-evolution-calving-event00707nas a2200181 4500008004100000245015000041210006900191300001400260490000600274100001600280700001500296700001700311700001700328700002200345700001600367700002500383856011700408 2012 eng d00aPlate margin deformation and active tectonics along the northern edge of the Yakutat Terrane in the Saint Elias Orogen, Alaska, and Yukon, Canada0 aPlate margin deformation and active tectonics along the northern a1384-14070 v81 aBruhn, R.L.1 aSauber, J.1 aCotton, M.M.1 aPavlis, T.L.1 aBurgess, Evan, W.1 aRuppert, N.1 aForster, Richard, R. uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84873486244&partnerID=40&md5=6b0147233ff3aeb0e48bf9b253b6c6ec00445nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126300001400195490000700209100001700216700001500233700002000248856004300268 2012 eng d00aReconstruction of basal properties in ice sheets using iterative inverse methods0 aReconstruction of basal properties in ice sheets using iterative a795–8070 v581 aHabermann, M1 aMaxwell, D1 aTruffer, Martin uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/7700767nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245013700055210006900192260000800261300001100269490000800280653001200288653001500300653001500315100001700330700001800347700001800365700002100383700002300404700001600427700002100443856006100464 2012 eng d a0148-022700a{Seasonal to decadal scale variations in the surface velocity of Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland: Observation and model-based analysis}0 aSeasonal to decadal scale variations in the surface velocity of cmay a1–200 v11710aglacier10aglaciology10aice stream1 aJoughin, Ian1 aSmith, B., E.1 aHowat, I., M.1 aFloricioiu, Dana1 aAlley, Richard, B.1 aTruffer, M.1 aFahnestock, M.A. uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2012/2011JF002110.shtml00584nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133490000800202100002600210700002000236700001800256700002100274700002000295856012300315 2012 eng d00aSeismic multiplet response triggered by melt at Blood Falls, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica0 aSeismic multiplet response triggered by melt at Blood Falls Tayl0 v1171 aCarmichael, Joshua, D1 aPettit, Erin, C1 aHoffman, Matt1 aFountain, Andrew1 aHallet, Bernard uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/seismic-multiplet-response-triggered-melt-blood-falls-taylor-glacier-antarctica00436nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142300001600211490000700227100002200234700001500256856004300271 2012 eng d00aSteady, shallow ice sheets as obstacle problems: well-posedness and finite element approximation0 aSteady shallow ice sheets as obstacle problems wellposedness and a1292–13140 v721 aJouvet, Guillaume1 aBueler, E. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/7800454nas a2200145 4500008004100000245006100041210005900102300001600161490000600177100002200183700002500205700002200230700001300252856004300265 2012 eng d00aSurge dynamics on Bering Glacier, Alaska, in 2008–20110 aSurge dynamics on Bering Glacier Alaska in 2008–2011 a1181–12040 v61 aBurgess, Evan, W.1 aForster, Richard, R.1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aBraun, M uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/7900742nas a2200241 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165300001400234490000700248100001800255700001700273700001800290700002100308700001100329700001300340700001400353700001500367700001700382700002100399700001700420700002000437856004300457 2012 eng d00a{Using surface velocities to calculate ice thickness and bed topography: a case study at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, USA}0 aUsing surface velocities to calculate ice thickness and bed topo a1151-11640 v581 aMcNabb, R W1 aHock, Regine1 aOʼNeel, Shad1 aRasmussen, L A1 aAhn, Y1 aBraun, M1 aConway, H1 aHerreid, S1 aJoughin, Ian1 aPfeffer, W., Tad1 aSmith, B E1 aTruffer, Martin uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/7600564nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200300001100269490000800280100001500288700001700303700001600320700001200336700001500348856004300363 2011 eng d00aAnalysis of seasonal variations in mass balance and meltwater discharge of the tropical Zongo Glacier by application of a distributed energy balance model0 aAnalysis of seasonal variations in mass balance and meltwater di aD131050 v1161 aSicart, JE1 aHock, Regine1 aRibstein, P1 aLitt, M1 aRamirez, E uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/6100333nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004600041210004500087300001600132490000800148100002400156856004300180 2011 eng d00aAssessing the Status of Alaska's Glaciers0 aAssessing the Status of Alaskas Glaciers a1044–10450 v3321 aArendt, Anthony, A. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/7300626nas a2200193 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171300001100240490000800251100001500259700001900274700001300293700001700306700001700323700001700340700001500357700001700372856004300389 2011 eng d00aClimatic mass balance of the ice cap Vestfonna, Svalbard: A spatially distributed assessment using ERA-Interim and MODIS data0 aClimatic mass balance of the ice cap Vestfonna Svalbard A spatia aF030090 v1161 aMöller, M1 aFinkelnburg, R1 aBraun, M1 aHock, Regine1 aJonsell, Ulf1 aPohjola, V A1 aScherer, D1 aSchneider, C uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/6302143nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245006400055210006200119300001400181490000700195520159900202653001201801653001301813100001701826700001801843700002201861700002301883856004301906 2011 eng d a2324-925000aA complex relationship between calving glaciers and climate0 acomplex relationship between calving glaciers and climate a305–3060 v923 aMany terrestrial glaciers are sensitive indicators of past and present climate change as atmospheric temperature and snowfall modulate glacier volume. However, climate interpretations based on glacier behavior require careful selection of representative glaciers, as was recently pointed out for surging and debris-covered glaciers, whose behavior often defies regional glacier response to climate [Yde and Paasche, 2010]. Tidewater calving glaciers (TWGs)—mountain glaciers whose termini reach the sea and are generally grounded on the seafloor—also fall into the category of non-representative glaciers because the regional-scale asynchronous behavior of these glaciers clouds their complex relationship with climate. TWGs span the globe; they can be found both fringing ice sheets and in high-latitude regions of each hemisphere. TWGs are known to exhibit cyclic behavior, characterized by slow advance and rapid, unstable retreat, largely independent of short-term climate forcing. This so-called TWG cycle, first described by Post [1975], provides a solid foundation upon which modern investigations of TWG stability are built. Scientific understanding has developed rapidly as a result of the initial recognition of their asynchronous cyclicity, rendering greater insight into the hierarchy of processes controlling regional behavior. This has improved the descriptions of the strong dynamic feedbacks present during retreat, the role of the ocean in TWG dynamics, and the similarities and differences between TWG and ice sheet outlet glaciers that can often support floating tongues.10aclimate10aglaciers1 aPost, Austin1 aOʼNeel, Shad1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aStreveler, Gregory uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO37000100724nas a2200193 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260004000199300001200239490000700251100002000258700002500278700002500303700002800328700002000356700001700376700002200393856011500415 2011 eng d00aThe crossover stress, anisotropy and the ice flow law at Siple Dome, West Antarctica0 acrossover stress anisotropy and the ice flow law at Siple Dome W bInternational Glaciological Society a39–520 v571 aPettit, Erin, C1 aWaddington, Edwin, D1 aHarrison, William, D1 aThorsteinsson, Throstur1 aElsberg, Daniel1 aMorack, John1 aZumberge, Mark, A uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/crossover-stress-anisotropy-and-ice-flow-law-siple-dome-west-antarctica00550nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300001400233490000700247100002200254700001400276700001500290700001500305856008400320 2011 eng d00aExistence and stability of steady-state solutions of the shallow-ice-sheet equation by an energy-minimization approach0 aExistence and stability of steadystate solutions of the shallowi a345–3540 v571 aJouvet, Guillaume1 aRappaz, J1 aBueler, E.1 aBlatter, H uhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2011/00000057/00000202/art0001600709nas a2200169 4500008004100000245020100041210006900242300001400311490000700325100001600332700001600348700001700364700002000381700002000401700001500421856010300436 2011 eng d00aFrom ice-shelf tributary to tidewater glacier: continued rapid recession, acceleration and thinning of Rohss Glacier following the 1995 collapse of the Prince Gustav Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula0 aFrom iceshelf tributary to tidewater glacier continued rapid rec a397–4060 v571 aGlasser, NF1 aScambos, TA1 aBohlander, J1 aTruffer, Martin1 aPettit, Erin, C1 aDavies, BJ uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0022-1430&volume=57&issue=203&spage=39700613nas a2200217 4500008004100000245005500041210005500096490000700151100002300158700001700181700002100198700002400219700001400243700002000257700001500277700001700292700001500309700001700324700001100341856004300352 2011 eng d00aGlossary of glacier mass balance and related terms0 aGlossary of glacier mass balance and related terms0 v861 aCogley, J., Graham1 aHock, Regine1 aRasmussen, L A1 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aBauder, A1 aBraithwaite, RJ1 aJansson, P1 aKaser, Georg1 aMöller, M1 aNicholson, L1 aothers uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/6400838nas a2200241 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176490000800245100001400253700001900267700001700286700001600303700001600319700002200335700002000357700002100377700002300398700001300421700001300434700001800447700001400465856011700479 2011 eng d00aGreenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance 1870 to 2010 based on Twentieth Century Reanalysis, and links with global climate forcing0 aGreenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance 1870 to 2010 based on T0 v1161 aHanna, E.1 aHuybrechts, P.1 aCappelen, J.1 aSteffen, K.1 aBales, R.C.1 aBurgess, Evan, W.1 aMcConnell, J.R.1 aSteffensen, J.P.1 aVan Den Broeke, M.1 aWake, L.1 aBigg, G.1 aGriffiths, M.1 aSavas, D. uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855336557&partnerID=40&md5=9239bc453a5004bd7a1258a2aaa14f0700520nas a2200133 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180300001500249490000700264100003000271700002400301700001800325856004300343 2011 eng d00aGrowth and collapse of the distributed subglacial hydrologic system of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, USA, and its effects on basal motion0 aGrowth and collapse of the distributed subglacial hydrologic sys a985–10020 v571 aBartholomaus, Timothy, C.1 aAnderson, Robert, S1 aAnderson, S P uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/6601820nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131300001400200490000700214520106100221653001401282653001401296653001701310653001301327100002001340700002001360700002201380700002101402700002101423700002201444700002101466700002401487856004301511 2011 eng d a1944-800700aAn increase in crevasse extent, West Greenland: Hydrologic implications0 aincrease in crevasse extent West Greenland Hydrologic implicatio an/a–n/a0 v383 aWe compare high-resolution 1985 and 2009 imagery to assess changes in crevasse extent in the Sermeq Avannarleq ablation zone, West Greenland. The area occupied by crevasses >2 m wide significantly increased (13 ± 4%) over the 24-year period. This increase consists of an expansion of existing crevasse fields, and is accompanied by widespread changes in crevasse orientation (up to 45°). We suggest that a combination of ice sheet thinning and steepening are responsible for the increase in crevasse extent. We examine the potential impact of this change on the hydrology of the ice sheet. We provide a first-order demonstration that moulin-type drainage is more efficient in transferring meltwater fluctuations to the subglacial system than crevasse-type drainage. As enhanced basal sliding is associated with meltwater “pulses”, an increase in crevasse extent can therefore be expected to result in a net decrease in basal sliding sensitivity. An increase in crevasse extent may also accelerate cryo-hydrologic warming and enhance surface ablation.10acrevasses10aGreenland10amass balance10avelocity1 aColgan, William1 aSteffen, Konrad1 aMcLamb, W., Scott1 aAbdalati, Waleed1 aRajaram, Harihar1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aPhillips, Thomas1 aAnderson, Robert, S uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL04849100436nas a2200169 4500008004100000245003700041210003700078300001100115490000700126100001600133700001300149700001600162700001500178700001500193700001500208856004300223 2011 eng d00aKarakoram glacier surge dynamics0 aKarakoram glacier surge dynamics aL185040 v381 aQuincey, DJ1 aBraun, M1 aGlasser, NF1 aBishop, MP1 aHowat, I M1 aLuckman, A uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/6800557nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150300001300219490000700232653001900239100001600258700001300274700001400287700001500301856007100316 2011 eng d a0921-818100aObserved glacial changes on the King George Island ice cap, Antarctica, in the last decade0 aObserved glacial changes on the King George Island ice cap Antar a99 - 1090 v7910aclimate change1 aRückamp, M1 aBraun, M1 aSuckro, S1 aBlindow, N uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092181811100111100627nas a2200181 4500008004100000245011800041210006900159300001200228490000600240100002200246700001800268700001600286700001600302700001500318700002600333700002200359856006400381 2011 eng d00aThe Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK)-Part 2: Dynamic equilibrium simulation of the Antarctic ice sheet0 aPotsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model PISMPIKPart 2 Dynamic equilibri a727-7400 v51 aMartin, Maria, A.1 aWinkelmann, R1 aHaseloff, M1 aAlbrecht, T1 aBueler, E.1 aKhroulev, Constantine1 aLevermann, Anders uhttp://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/727/2011/tc-5-727-2011.html00593nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008000041210007100121300001400192490000600206100001800212700002200230700001600252700001600268700001500284700002600299700002200325856006400347 2011 eng d00aThe Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK)–Part 1: Model description0 aPotsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model PISMPIK–Part 1 Model descriptio a715–7260 v51 aWinkelmann, R1 aMartin, Maria, A.1 aHaseloff, M1 aAlbrecht, T1 aBueler, E.1 aKhroulev, Constantine1 aLevermann, Anders uhttp://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/715/2011/tc-5-715-2011.html00629nas a2200193 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001200229490000800241100001800249700002200267700001300289700001200302700001600314700001100330700002200341700002900363856004300392 2011 eng d00aReevaluation of the viscoelastic and elastic responses to the past and present-day ice changes in Southeast Alaska0 aReevaluation of the viscoelastic and elastic responses to the pa a79–880 v5111 aSato, Tatsuru1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aMiura, S1 aOhta, Y1 aFujimoto, H1 aSun, W1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aFreymueller, Jeffrey, T. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/4600434nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143300001200212490000600224100002200230700001700252856004300269 2011 eng d00aRegionally differentiated contribution of mountain glaciers and ice caps to future sea-level rise0 aRegionally differentiated contribution of mountain glaciers and a91–940 v41 aRadić, Valentina1 aHock, Regine uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/6200564nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011000041210007000151300001100221490000800232100002200240700002000262700002100282700001700303700001600320700001500336856004300351 2011 eng d00aSubmarine melting of the 1985 Jakobshavn Isbræ floating tongue and the triggering of the current retreat0 aSubmarine melting of the 1985 Jakobshavn Isbræ floating tongue a aF010070 v1161 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aTruffer, Martin1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aMortensen, J1 aRysgaard, S1 aHowat, I M uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/6000482nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135300001400204490000700218100002100225700001400246700001600260700001700276856004300293 2011 eng d00aSurface mass balance, thinning and iceberg production, Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 194820070 aSurface mass balance thinning and iceberg production Columbia Gl a431–4400 v571 aRasmussen, L A1 aConway, H1 aKrimmel, RM1 aHock, Regine uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/6500464nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001100202490000700213100001200220700001700232700001400249700001200263856004300275 2010 eng d00a100-year mass changes in the Swiss Alps linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation0 a100year mass changes in the Swiss Alps linked to the Atlantic Mu aL105010 v371 aHuss, M1 aHock, Regine1 aBauder, A1 aFunk, M uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/5001570nas a2200169 4500008004100000245002800041210002800069300001200097490000700109520113600116100001201252700002201264700002001286700001801306700001901324856005701343 2010 eng d00aGlacier microseismicity0 aGlacier microseismicity a319-3220 v383 aWe present a framework for interpreting small glacier seismic events based on data collected near the center of Bering Glacier, Alaska, in spring 2007. We find extremely high microseismicity rates (as many as tens of events per minute) occurring largely within a few kilometers of the receivers. A high-frequency class of seismicity is distinguished by dominant frequencies of 20–35 Hz and impulsive arrivals. A low-frequency class has dominant frequencies of 6–15 Hz, emergent onsets, and longer, more monotonic codas. A bimodal distribution of 160,000 seismic events over two months demonstrates that the classes represent two distinct populations. This is further supported by the presence of hybrid waveforms that contain elements of both event types. The high-low-hybrid paradigm is well established in volcano seismology and is demonstrated by a comparison to earthquakes from Augustine Volcano. We build on these parallels to suggest that fluid-induced resonance is likely responsible for the low-frequency glacier events and that the hybrid glacier events may be caused by the rush of water into newly opening pathways.1 aWest, M1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aTruffer, Martin1 aOʼNeel, Shad1 aLeBlanc, Laura uhttp://geology.gsapubs.org/content/38/4/319.abstract00652nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012600041210006900167300001100236490000800247100001100255700001300266700001800279700001400297700002900311700001500340700002200355700001300377700001300390856004300403 2010 eng d00aGravity measurements in southeastern Alaska reveal negative gravity rate of change caused by glacial isostatic adjustment0 aGravity measurements in southeastern Alaska reveal negative grav aB124060 v1151 aSun, W1 aMiura, S1 aSato, Tatsuru1 aSugano, T1 aFreymueller, Jeffrey, T.1 aKaufman, M1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aCross, R1 aInazu, D uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/4500554nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009600041210007000137300001100207490000800218100002300226700002100249700002000270700001300290700001600303700002200319856004300341 2010 eng d00aIce mélange dynamics and implications for terminus stability, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland0 aIce mélange dynamics and implications for terminus stability Jak aF010050 v1151 aAmundson, Jason, M1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aTruffer, Martin1 aBrown, J1 aLüthi, M P1 aMotyka, Roman, J. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/5600508nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163300001100232490000800243100001800251700002200269700001400291700001400305856004300319 2010 eng d00aIceberg calving as a primary source of regional-scale glacier-generated seismicity in the St. Elias Mountains, Alaska0 aIceberg calving as a primary source of regionalscale glaciergene aF040340 v1151 aOʼNeel, Shad1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aRupert, N1 aHansen, R uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/4800613nas a2200205 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117300001600186490000800202100001400210700001600224700001300240700002300253700001800276700001600294700002200310700001700332700001500349856004300364 2010 eng d00aRecent and future warm extreme events and high-mountain slope stability0 aRecent and future warm extreme events and highmountain slope sta a2435–24590 v3681 aHuggel, C1 aSalzmann, N1 aAllen, S1 aCaplan-Auerbach, J1 aFischer , L1 aHaeberli, W1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aSchneider, D1 aWessels, R uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/5100438nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146300001100215490000800226100002200234700001700256856004300273 2010 eng d00aRegional and global volumes of glaciers derived from statistical upscaling of glacier inventory data0 aRegional and global volumes of glaciers derived from statistical aF010100 v1151 aRadić, Valentina1 aHock, Regine uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/4702171nas a2200241 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146300001200215490000700227520140000234100002001634700001601654700002101670700001501691700002501706700002201731700001801753700001901771700002001790700001801810700001701828856008401845 2010 eng d00aResults from the Ice-Sheet Model Intercomparison ProjectHeinrich Event INtercOmparison (ISMIP HEINO)0 aResults from the IceSheet Model Intercomparison ProjectHeinrich a371-3830 v563 aResults from the Heinrich Event INtercOmparison (HEINO) topic of the Ice-Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (ISMIP) are presented. ISMIP HEINO was designed to explore internal large-scale ice-sheet instabilities in different contemporary ice-sheet models. These instabilities are of interest because they are a possible cause of Heinrich events. A simplified geometry experiment reproduces the main characteristics of the Laurentide ice sheet, including the sedimented region over Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait. The model experiments include a standard run plus seven variations. Nine dynamic/thermodynamic ice-sheet models were investigated; one of these models contains a combination of the shallow-shelf (SSA) and shallow-ice approximation (SIA), while the remaining eight models are of SIA type only. Seven models, including the SIA-SSA model, exhibit oscillatory surges with a period of ∼1000 years for a broad range of parameters, while two models remain in a permanent state of streaming for most parameter settings. In a number of models, the oscillations disappear for high surface temperatures, strong snowfall and small sediment sliding parameters. In turn, low surface temperatures and low snowfall are favourable for the ice-surge cycles. We conclude that further improvement of ice-sheet models is crucial for adequate, robust simulations of cyclic large-scale instabilities.1 aCalov, Reinhard1 aGreve, Ralf1 aAbe-Ouchi, Ayako1 aBueler, E.1 aHuybrechts, Philippe1 aJohnson, Jesse, V1 aPattyn, Frank1 aPollard, David1 aRitz, Catherine1 aSaito, Fuyuki1 aTarasov, Lev uhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2010/00000056/00000197/art0000100500nas a2200145 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155300001400224490000700238100001500245700001700260700001600277700001800293856004300311 2010 eng d00aSky longwave radiation on tropical Andean glaciers: parameterization and sensitivity to atmospheric variables0 aSky longwave radiation on tropical Andean glaciers parameterizat a854–8600 v561 aSicart, JE1 aHock, Regine1 aRibstein, P1 aChazarin, J P uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/5700641nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141490000800210100002200218700002500240700001400265700002400279700001900303700001600322700001600338856011700354 2010 eng d00aA spatially calibrated model of annual accumulation rate on the Greenland Ice Sheet (1958-2007)0 aspatially calibrated model of annual accumulation rate on the Gr0 v1151 aBurgess, Evan, W.1 aForster, Richard, R.1 aBox, J.E.1 aMosley-Thompson, E.1 aBromwich, D.H.1 aBales, R.C.1 aSmith, L.C. uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77951082793&partnerID=40&md5=a6430b7a7a93a85254e4f44589f3b0f400539nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013100041210006900172300001100241490000800252100001700260700002200277700002900299700002200328856004300350 2010 eng d00aTectonic block motion and glacial isostatic adjustment in southeast Alaska and adjacent Canada constrained by GPS measurements0 aTectonic block motion and glacial isostatic adjustment in southe aB094070 v1151 aElliott, J L1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aFreymueller, Jeffrey, T.1 aMotyka, Roman, J. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/5300431nas a2200121 4500008004100000245005200041210004900093300001400142490000700156100002300163700002000186856010300206 2010 eng d00aA unifying framework for iceberg-calving models0 aunifying framework for icebergcalving models a822–8300 v561 aAmundson, Jason, M1 aTruffer, Martin uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0022-1430&volume=56&issue=199&spage=82200410nas a2200133 4500008004100000245005900041210005800100300001400158490000700172100001700179700001300196700002400209856004300233 2010 eng d00aUsing L-band SAR coherence to delineate glacier extent0 aUsing Lband SAR coherence to delineate glacier extent a186–1950 v361 aAtwood, D, K1 aMeyer, F1 aArendt, Anthony, A. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/5500579nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245008300055210007000138300001100208490000800219100002300227700001400250700001500264700001800279700002100297700001800318856006100336 2010 eng d a0148-022700a{Vertical distribution of water within the polythermal Storglaciären, Sweden}0 aVertical distribution of water within the polythermal Storglaciä a1–140 v1151 aGusmeroli, Alessio1 aMurray, T1 aJansson, P1 aPettersson, R1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aBooth, A., D. uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2010/2009JF001539.shtml00499nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007000041210006700111300001400178490000700192100002200199700002100221700002000242856010300262 2010 eng d00aVolume change of Jakobshavn Isbrae, West Greenland:: 1985199720070 aVolume change of Jakobshavn Isbrae West Greenland 198519972007 a635–6460 v561 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aTruffer, Martin uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0022-1430&volume=56&issue=198&spage=63500593nas a2200193 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141300001400210490000700224100001300231700001800244700001300262700001200275700001600287700001600303700002200319700001500341856004300356 2009 eng d00aAccurate ocean tide modeling in southeast Alaska and large tidal dissipation around Glacier Bay0 aAccurate ocean tide modeling in southeast Alaska and large tidal a335–3470 v651 aInazu, D1 aSato, Tatsuru1 aMiura, S1 aOhta, Y1 aNakamura, K1 aFujimoto, H1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aHiguchi, T uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/3700530nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146300001400215490000700229100001600236700002100252700002000273856010300293 2009 eng d00aCalving icebergs indicate a thick layer of temperate ice at the base of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland0 aCalving icebergs indicate a thick layer of temperate ice at the a563–5660 v551 aLüthi, M P1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aTruffer, Martin uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0022-1430&volume=55&issue=191&spage=56300463nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141300001600210490000700226100002400233700001300257700001600270856004300286 2009 eng d00aChanges of glaciers and climate in northwestern North America during the late twentieth century0 aChanges of glaciers and climate in northwestern North America du a4117–41340 v221 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aWalsh, J1 aHarrison, W uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/4200455nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125300001400194490000700208100002400215700002200239700001700261856004300278 2009 eng d00aGlacier changes in Alaska: can mass-balance models explain GRACE mascon trends?0 aGlacier changes in Alaska can massbalance models explain GRACE m a148–1540 v501 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aLuthcke, Scott, B1 aHock, Regine uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/4300525nas a2200157 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157300001200226490000700238100001600245700001200261700001700273700001400290700002000304856004300324 2009 eng d00aImplications for the dynamic health of a glacier from comparison of conventional and reference-surface balances0 aImplications for the dynamic health of a glacier from comparison a25–300 v501 aHarrison, W1 aCox, LH1 aHock, Regine1 aMarch, RS1 aPettit, Erin, C uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/3800485nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126300001400195490000700209100001500216700001400231700001500245700002000260856005900280 2009 eng d00aIterative methods for solving a nonlinear boundary inverse problem in glaciology0 aIterative methods for solving a nonlinear boundary inverse probl a239–2580 v171 aAvdonin, S1 aKozlov, V1 aMaxwell, D1 aTruffer, Martin uhttp://www.reference-global.com/doi/abs/10.1515/JIIP.200451nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132300001100201490000800212100002100220700001500241856006100256 2009 eng d a0148-022700a{Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of polythermal glaciers}0 aMathematical modeling and numerical simulation of polythermal gl a1–100 v1141 aAschwanden, Andy1 aBlatter, H uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2009/2008JF001028.shtml00557nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131300001400200490000700214100001700221700001200238700001400250700001200264700002000276856010300296 2009 eng d00aA method to estimate the ice volume and ice-thickness distribution of alpine glaciers0 amethod to estimate the ice volume and icethickness distribution a422–4300 v551 aFarinotti, D1 aHuss, M1 aBauder, A1 aFunk, M1 aTruffer, Martin uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0022-1430&volume=55&issue=191&spage=42200479nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135300001100204490000700215100001700222700001200239700002200251700001700273856004300290 2009 eng d00aMountain glaciers and ice caps around Antarctica make a large sea-level rise contribution0 aMountain glaciers and ice caps around Antarctica make a large se aL075010 v361 aHock, Regine1 aWoul, M1 aRadić, Valentina1 aDyurgerov, M uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/3600429nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010300041210007300144300001100217490000800228100001500236700001300251856004300264 2009 eng d00aShallow shelf approximation as a “sliding law” in a thermomechanically coupled ice sheet model0 aShallow shelf approximation as a “sliding law” in a thermomechan aF030080 v1141 aBueler, E.1 aBrown, J uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/4100546nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006800041210006600109300001600175490000700191100002000198700002200218700001500240700001500255700001400270856010400284 2009 eng d00aTerminus dynamics at an advancing glacier: Taku Glacier, Alaska0 aTerminus dynamics at an advancing glacier Taku Glacier Alaska a1052–10600 v551 aTruffer, Martin1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aHekkers, M1 aHowat, I M1 aKing, M A uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0022-1430&volume=55&issue=194&spage=105200430nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300001200216490000600228100001400234700001700248856004300265 2009 eng d00aTesting longwave radiation parameterizations under clear and overcast skies at Storglaciären, Sweden0 aTesting longwave radiation parameterizations under clear and ove a75–840 v31 aSedlar, J1 aHock, Regine uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/3400452nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129300001400198490000700212100002200219700001700241700001700258856004300275 2008 eng d00aAnalysis of scaling methods in deriving future volume evolutions of valley glaciers0 aAnalysis of scaling methods in deriving future volume evolutions a601–6120 v541 aRadić, Valentina1 aHock, Regine1 aOerlemans, J uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/2201081nas a2200349 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131300001300200490000600213100001800219700001700237700002100254700001500275700001700290700002000307700002400327700002500351700002000376700002200396700001600418700001800434700001500452700001800467700001900485700002300504700001600527700001800543700001600561700001700577700001600594856012100610 2008 eng d00a{Benchmark experiments for higher-order and full Stokes ice sheet models (ISMIP-HOM)}0 aBenchmark experiments for higherorder and full Stokes ice sheet a95–1080 v21 aPattyn, Frank1 aPerichon, L.1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aBreuer, B.1 ade Smedt, B.1 aGagliardini, O.1 aGudmundsson, G., H.1 aHindmarsh, R., C. A.1 aHubbard, A., L.1 aJohnson, Jesse, V1 aKleiner, T.1 aKonovalov, Y.1 aMartin, C.1 aPayne, A., J.1 aPollard, David1 aPrice, Stephen, F.1 aRückamp, M1 aSaito, Fuyuki1 aSouček, O.1 aSugiyama, S.1 aZwinger, T. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/benchmark-experiments-higher-order-and-full-stokes-ice-sheet-models-ismip-hom00590nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114300001100183490000800194100001700202700001500219700002100234700001700255700001500272700001500287700001300302700002000315856006100335 2008 eng d00aContinued evolution of Jakobshavn Isbrae following its rapid speedup0 aContinued evolution of Jakobshavn Isbrae following its rapid spe aF040060 v1131 aJoughin, Ian1 aHowat, I M1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aSmith, B E1 aKrabill, W1 aAlley, R B1 aStern, H1 aTruffer, Martin uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008JF001023.shtml00483nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119300001200188490000700200100001600207700002200223700002000245856008400265 2008 eng d00aCorrespondence: Another surge of Variegated Glacier, Alaska, USA, 2003/040 aCorrespondence Another surge of Variegated Glacier Alaska USA 20 a192-2000 v541 aHarrison, W1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aTruffer, Martin uhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2008/00000054/00000184/art0001900455nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123300001100192490000800203100001200211700001400223700001200237700001700249856004300266 2008 eng d00aDetermination of the seasonal mass balance of four Alpine glaciers since 18650 aDetermination of the seasonal mass balance of four Alpine glacie aF010150 v1131 aHuss, M1 aBauder, A1 aFunk, M1 aHock, Regine uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/2500565nas a2200169 4500008004100000245012000041210006900161300001600230490000700246100001700253700001500270700001700285700001500302700001500317700002000332856004300352 2008 eng d00aDistribution of snow accumulation on the Svartisen ice cap, Norway, assessed by a model of orographic precipitation0 aDistribution of snow accumulation on the Svartisen ice cap Norwa a3998–40080 v221 aSchuler, T V1 aCrochet, P1 aHock, Regine1 aJackson, M1 aBarstad, I1 aJóhannesson, T uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/1800595nas a2200205 4500008004100000245006700041210006700108300001200175490000700187100001800194700001300212700001200225700001600237700001100253700002200264700001500286700001600301700002900317856004300346 2008 eng d00aEarth tides observed by gravity and GPS in southeastern Alaska0 aEarth tides observed by gravity and GPS in southeastern Alaska a78–890 v461 aSato, Tatsuru1 aMiura, S1 aOhta, Y1 aFujimoto, H1 aSun, W1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aHeavner, M1 aKaufman, AM1 aFreymueller, Jeffrey, T. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/1900575nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143300001100212490000700223100002300230700002000253700001600273700002100289700001200310700002200322856006100344 2008 eng d00aGlacier, fjord, and seismic response to recent large calving events, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland0 aGlacier fjord and seismic response to recent large calving event aL225010 v351 aAmundson, Jason, M1 aTruffer, Martin1 aLüthi, M P1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aWest, M1 aMotyka, Roman, J. uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008GL035281.shtml00485nas a2200133 4500008004100000245013600041210006900177300001100246490000800257100001500265700001700280700001100297856004300308 2008 eng d00aGlacier melt, air temperature, and energy balance in different climates: The Bolivian Tropics, the French Alps, and northern Sweden0 aGlacier melt air temperature and energy balance in different cli aD241130 v1131 aSicart, JE1 aHock, Regine1 aSix, D uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/3000419nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006100041210006000102300001400162490000700176100001500183700002000198856007900218 2008 eng d00aGlacier Recession on Heard Island, Southern Indian Ocean0 aGlacier Recession on Heard Island Southern Indian Ocean a199–2140 v401 aThost, D E1 aTruffer, Martin uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1657/1523-0430(06-084)%5BTHOST%5D2.0.CO;202129nas a2200253 4500008004100000020001400041022001300055245010000068210006900168260000800237300001100245490000800256520137600264100001701640700001501657700002301672700001901695700002101714700001601735700002201751700002001773700002101793856006101814 2008 eng d a0148-0227 a2169901100a{Ice-front variation and tidewater behavior on Helheim and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, Greenland}0 aIcefront variation and tidewater behavior on Helheim and Kangerd cjan a1–110 v1133 aWe used satellite images to examine the calving behavior ofHelheim and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, Greenland, from 2001 to 2006, a period in which they retreated and speed up. These data show that many large iceberge-calving episodes coincided with teleseismically detected glacial erthquakes, suggesting that calving-related processes are the source of seismicity. For each of several events for which we hace observations, the ice front calved back to a large, pre-existing rift. These refits form where the ice has thinned to near flotation as the ice front retreats down back side of a bathymetric high, which agrees well with earlier theoretical predictions. In adition to recent retreat in a period of high temperature, analysis of several images shows that Helhaim retreated in the 20th Century during a warmer period and then re-adcanced during a subsequent cooler period. This apparent sensitivity to waming suggests that higher temperatures may promote an initial retread off a bathymetric high that is then sustained by tidewater dynamics as the ice front retreats into depper water. The cycle of frontal advance and retreat in less than a century indicates that tidewater glaciers in Greenland can advance rapidly. Greenland's larger resorvoir of inland ice and conditions that favor the formation of ice shelves likely contribute to the rapid rates of advance.1 aJoughin, Ian1 aHowat, Ian1 aAlley, Richard, B.1 aEkstrom, Goran1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aMoon, Twila1 aNettles, Meredith1 aTruffer, Martin1 aTsai, Victor, C. uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2007JF000837.shtml00638nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139300001100208490000800219100001700227700001500244700001500259700001500274700002100289700001200310700001500322700002000337700001400357856006100371 2008 eng d00aIce-front variation and tidewater behavior on Helheim and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, Greenland0 aIcefront variation and tidewater behavior on Helheim and Kangerd aF010040 v1131 aJoughin, Ian1 aHowat, I M1 aAlley, R B1 aEkstrom, G1 aFahnestock, Mark1 aMoon, T1 aNettles, M1 aTruffer, Martin1 aTsai, V C uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2007JF000837.shtml00510nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123300001200192490000700204100001700211700001700228700001600245856011500261 2008 eng d00aInfluence of snowpack layering on human-triggered snow slab avalanche release0 aInfluence of snowpack layering on humantriggered snow slab avala a176-1820 v541 aHabermann, M1 aSchweizer, J1 aJamieson, B uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/influence-snowpack-layering-human-triggered-snow-slab-avalanche-release00463nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176300001200245490000700257100001700264700001700281856004300298 2008 eng d00aInternal accumulation on Storglaciaren, Sweden, in a multi-layer snow model coupled to a distributed energy-and mass-balance model0 aInternal accumulation on Storglaciaren Sweden in a multilayer sn a61–720 v541 aReijmer, C H1 aHock, Regine uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/2100517nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113300001400182490000700196100001500203700002000218700001500238700001500253856010300268 2008 eng d00aAn iterative scheme for determining glacier velocities and stresses0 aiterative scheme for determining glacier velocities and stresses a888–8980 v541 aMaxwell, D1 aTruffer, Martin1 aAvdonin, S1 aStuefer, M uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0022-1430&volume=54&issue=188&spage=88800490nas a2200133 4500008004100000245006200041210006200103490000700165100001700172700001400189700002200203700001400225856011700239 2008 eng d00aMass balance of the Greenland ice sheet from 1958 to 20070 aMass balance of the Greenland ice sheet from 1958 to 20070 v351 aRignot, Eric1 aBox, J.E.1 aBurgess, Evan, W.1 aHanna, E. uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-58249086581&partnerID=40&md5=f29d2f8e4a2c1845220d5fc846c65f0a00525nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130300001400199490000700213100002200220700002400242700001800266700001800284700002200302856004300324 2008 eng d00aRecent glacier mass changes in the Gulf of Alaska region from GRACE mascon solutions0 aRecent glacier mass changes in the Gulf of Alaska region from GR a767–7770 v541 aLuthcke, Scott, B1 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aRowlands, D D1 aMcCarthy, J J1 aLarsen, Chris, F. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/2600570nas a2200145 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156300001400225490000700239100001700246700001600263700002200279700002000301856010300321 2008 eng d00aSeasonal fluctuations in the advance of a tidewater glacier and potential causes: Hubbard Glacier, Alaska, USA0 aSeasonal fluctuations in the advance of a tidewater glacier and a401–4110 v541 aRitchie, J B1 aLingle, C S1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aTruffer, Martin uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0022-1430&volume=54&issue=186&spage=40100547nas a2200169 4500008004100000245006800041210006600109300001400175490000700189100001600196700001600212700002000228700001400248700001500262700001600277856008400293 2008 eng d00aSeasonality of snow accumulation at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, USA0 aSeasonality of snow accumulation at Mount Wrangell Alaska USA a273–2780 v541 aKanamori, S1 aBenson, C S1 aTruffer, Martin1 aMatoba, S1 aSolie, D J1 aShiraiwa, T uhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2008/00000054/00000185/art0000800508nas a2200133 4500008004100000245014900041210006900190300001400259490000700273100001700280700002200297700001200319856004300331 2007 eng d00aClimate sensitivity of Storglaciaren, Sweden: an intercomparison of mass-balance models using ERA-40 re-analysis and regional climate model data0 aClimate sensitivity of Storglaciaren Sweden an intercomparison o a342–3480 v461 aHock, Regine1 aRadić, Valentina1 aWoul, M uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/1100596nas a2200181 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260001500242100001300257700001700270700001700287700001300304700001500317700001300332700001500345700001100360856004300371 2007 eng d00aComparison of remote sensing derived glacier facies maps with distributed mass balance modelling at Engabreen, northern Norway.0 aComparison of remote sensing derived glacier facies maps with di bIAHS Press1 aBraun, M1 aSchuler, T V1 aHock, Regine1 aBrown, I1 aJackson, M1 aGinot, P1 aSicart, JE1 aothers uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/1400507nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001500200100001700215700001800232700001700250700001300267700001500280700001100295856004300306 2007 eng d00aDeriving glacier mass balance from accumulation area ratio on Storglaciären, Sweden.0 aDeriving glacier mass balance from accumulation area ratio on St bIAHS Press1 aHock, Regine1 aKootstra, D S1 aReijmer, C H1 aGinot, P1 aSicart, JE1 aothers uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/1000466nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155300001400224490000700238100001500245700001300260700001600273856004300289 2007 eng d00aExact solutions to the thermomechanically coupled shallow-ice approximation: effective tools for verification0 aExact solutions to the thermomechanically coupled shallowice app a499–5160 v531 aBueler, E.1 aBrown, J1 aLingle, C S uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/1300439nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129300001300198490000700211100001500218700001600233700001300249856004300262 2007 eng d00aFast computation of a viscoelastic deformable Earth model for ice-sheet simulations0 aFast computation of a viscoelastic deformable Earth model for ic a97–1050 v461 aBueler, E.1 aLingle, C S1 aBrown, J uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/1200461nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137300001400206490000700220100001500227700002200242700002000264856004300284 2007 eng d00aFlotation and retreat of a lake-calving terminus, Mendenhall Glacier, southeast Alaska, USA0 aFlotation and retreat of a lakecalving terminus Mendenhall Glaci a211–2240 v531 aBoyce, E S1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aTruffer, Martin uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/1500541nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300001100216490000800227100002200235700002200257700002400279700002000303700001800323856004200341 2007 eng d00aGlacier changes in southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia and contribution to sea level rise0 aGlacier changes in southeast Alaska and northwest British Columb aF010070 v1121 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aArendt, Anthony, A.1 aEchelmeyer, K A1 aGeissler, P E uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/700461nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006600041210006400107300001400171490000700185100001200192700001400204700001400218700001200232700001700244856004200261 2007 eng d00aGlacier-dammed lake outburst events of Gornersee, Switzerland0 aGlacierdammed lake outburst events of Gornersee Switzerland a189–2000 v531 aHuss, M1 aBauder, A1 aWerder, M1 aFunk, M1 aHock, Regine uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/900493nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116300001200185490000700197100001600204700002200220700001400242700001600256700002000272856004300292 2007 eng d00aGlaciervolcano interactions in the North Crater of Mt Wrangell, Alaska0 aGlaciervolcano interactions in the North Crater of Mt Wrangell A a48–570 v451 aBenson, C S1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aMcNUTT, S1 aLüthi, M P1 aTruffer, Martin uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/1600449nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155300001100224490000800235100002200243700002000265856004200285 2007 eng d00aHubbard Glacier, Alaska: 2002 closure and outburst of Russell Fjord and postflood conditions at Gilbert Point0 aHubbard Glacier Alaska 2002 closure and outburst of Russell Fjor aF020040 v1121 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aTruffer, Martin uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/500437nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008600041210007000127300001200197490000800209100001300217700001700230700001400247856004200261 2007 eng d00aMeteorological observations and energy balance at Storglaciären, northern Sweden0 aMeteorological observations and energy balance at Storglaciären a186-1940 v3181 aKonya, K1 aHock, Regine1 aNaruse, R uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/800711nas a2200181 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260003400211300001600245490000800261100002200269700002400291700002000315700002400335700001900359700002100378856013000399 2007 eng d00aOcean acoustic effects of explosions on land: Evaluation of Cook Inlet beluga whale habitability0 aOcean acoustic effects of explosions on land Evaluation of Cook bAcoustical Society of America a3002–30020 v1221 aTremblay, Sara, K1 aAnderson, Thomas, S1 aPettit, Erin, C1 aScheifele, Peter, M1 aPotty, Gopu, R1 aMiller, James, H uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/ocean-acoustic-effects-explosions-land-evaluation-cook-inlet-beluga-whale-habitability00500nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132300001200201490000600213100002200219700002200241700002900263700002000292856004200312 2007 eng d00aPost Little Ice Age Glacial Rebound in Glacier Bay National Park and Surrounding Areas0 aPost Little Ice Age Glacial Rebound in Glacier Bay National Park a36–410 v61 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aLarsen, Chris, F.1 aFreymueller, Jeffrey, T.1 aEchelmeyer, K A uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/600344nas a2200121 4500008004100000245003700041210003700078300001600115490000800131100002000139700002100159856004200180 2007 eng d00aRethinking ice sheet time scales0 aRethinking ice sheet time scales a1508–15100 v3151 aTruffer, Martin1 aFahnestock, Mark uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/300548nas a2200157 4500008004100000245005800041210005400099260004000153300001400193490000700207100002000214700002800234700001900262700002500281856008400306 2007 eng d00aThe role of crystal fabric in flow near an ice divide0 arole of crystal fabric in flow near an ice divide bInternational Glaciological Society a277–2880 v531 aPettit, Erin, C1 aThorsteinsson, Throstur1 aJacobson, Paul1 aWaddington, Edwin, D uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/role-crystal-fabric-flow-near-ice-divide00438nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116300001400185490000700199100002200206700001700228700001700245856004200262 2007 eng d00aVolumearea scaling vs flowline modelling in glacier volume projections0 aVolumearea scaling vs flowline modelling in glacier volume proje a234–2400 v461 aRadić, Valentina1 aHock, Regine1 aOerlemans, J uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/node/400552nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157300001300226490000800239100002800247700001600275700002200291700002000313856006100333 2006 eng d a0148-022700aEpisodic reactivation of large-scale push moraines in front of the advancing Taku Glacier, Alaska0 aEpisodic reactivation of largescale push moraines in front of th a–010090 v1111 aKuriger, Elsbeth, Maria1 aTruffer, M.1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aBucki, Adam, K. uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2006/2005JF000385.shtml00443nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006700041210006500108260002500173300001400198100002000212856010100232 2006 eng d00aIce Flow at Low Deviatoric Stress: Siple Dome, West Antarctica0 aIce Flow at Low Deviatoric Stress Siple Dome West Antarctica bWiley Online Library a300–3031 aPettit, Erin, C uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/ice-flow-low-deviatoric-stress-siple-dome-west-antarctica00503nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245006400054210006400118260000800182300001400190490000700204100001600211700001900227856011100246 2006 eng d a0022143000aIn situ measurements of till deformation and water pressure0 aIn situ measurements of till deformation and water pressure cmar a175–1820 v521 aTruffer, M.1 aHarrison, W.D. uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{&}issn=0022-1430{&}volume=52{&}issue=177{&}spage=17500558nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260000800216300001000224490000700234100002200241700001600263700002800279700002000307856006100327 2006 eng d a0094-827600aRapid erosion of soft sediments by tidewater glacier advance: Taku Glacier, Alaska, USA0 aRapid erosion of soft sediments by tidewater glacier advance Tak cdec a1–50 v331 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aTruffer, M.1 aKuriger, Elsbeth, Maria1 aBucki, Adam, K. uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2006/2006GL028467.shtml00612nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245015100054210006900205300001400274490000700288100002100295700001600316700002300332856011100355 2006 eng d a0022143000aTime-dependent basal stress conditions beneath Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, USA, inferred from measurements of ice deformation and surface motion0 aTimedependent basal stress conditions beneath Black Rapids Glaci a347–3570 v521 aAmundson, J., M.1 aTruffer, M.1 aLüthi, Martin, P. uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{&}issn=0022-1430{&}volume=52{&}issue=178{&}spage=34700653nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117100001400186700001600200700002300216700001900239700001300258700001400271700001700285700001300302700002000315700001400335856011000349 2005 eng d00aCandidate drill site near the Ross-Amundsen ice divide, West Antarctica0 aCandidate drill site near the RossAmundsen ice divide West Antar1 aConway, H1 aNeumann, TA1 aPrice, Stephen, F.1 aWaddington, ED1 aMorse, D1 aTaylor, K1 aMayewski, PA1 aDixon, D1 aPettit, Erin, C1 aSteig, EJ uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/candidate-drill-site-near-ross-amundsen-ice-divide-west-antarctica00542nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114300001400183490000700197100001500204700001900219700002500238700001800263700001900281856008400300 2005 eng d00aExact solutions and numerical verification for isothermal ice sheets0 aExact solutions and numerical verification for isothermal ice sh a291–3060 v511 aBueler, E.1 aLingle, C., S.1 aKallen-Brown, J., A.1 aCovey, D., N.1 aBowman, L., N. uhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2005/00000051/00000173/art0001100510nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245007500055210007000130490000800200653001200208653001600220653001900236100002100255700001500276856006100291 2005 eng d a0148-022700a{Meltwater production due to strain heating in Storglaciären, Sweden}0 aMeltwater production due to strain heating in Storglaciären Swed0 v11010aglacier10apolythermal10astrain heating1 aAschwanden, Andy1 aBlatter, H uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2005/2005JF000328.shtml00663nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007700041210007100118100001400189700001600203700002300219700001900242700001300261700001400274700001700288700001300305700002000318700001400338856011700352 2005 eng d00aProposed drill site near the Ross–Amundsen ice divide, West Antarctica0 aProposed drill site near the Ross–Amundsen ice divide West Antar1 aConway, H1 aNeumann, TA1 aPrice, Stephen, F.1 aWaddington, ED1 aMorse, D1 aTaylor, K1 aMayewski, PA1 aDixon, D1 aPettit, Erin, C1 aSteig, EJ uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/proposed-drill-site-near-ross%E2%80%93amundsen-ice-divide-west-antarctica00752nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245018300055210006900238260000800307300001400315490000700329100002000336700001900356700001600375856020300391 2005 eng d a0022-143000aRecord negative glacier balances and low velocities during the 2004 heatwave in Alaska, USA: implications for the interpretation of observations by Zwally and others in Greenland0 aRecord negative glacier balances and low velocities during the 2 csep a663–6640 v511 aTruffer, Martin1 aHarrison, W.D.1 aMarch, R.S. uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{&}issn=0022-1430{&}volume=51{&}issue=175{&}spage=663 https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S002214300021085X/type/journal{\_}article00459nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001300041245006000054210005500114260000800169300001400177490000700191100001600198856011100214 2004 eng d a0022143000aThe basal speed of valley glaciers: an inverse approach0 abasal speed of valley glaciers an inverse approach cmar a236–2420 v501 aTruffer, M. uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{&}issn=0022-1430{&}volume=50{&}issue=169{&}spage=23600708nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260004000187300001400227490000700241100002300248700002500271700002200296700002000318700002000338700002600358700001800384856011200402 2004 eng d00aDepth-and time-dependent vertical strain rates at Siple Dome, Antarctica0 aDepthand timedependent vertical strain rates at Siple Dome Antar bInternational Glaciological Society a511–5210 v501 aElsberg, Daniel, H1 aHarrison, William, D1 aZumberge, Mark, A1 aMorack, John, L1 aPettit, Erin, C1 aWaddington, Edward, D1 aHusmann, Eric uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/depth-and-time-dependent-vertical-strain-rates-siple-dome-antarctica01587nas a2200181 4500008004100000020001400041022001400055245007600069210006900145260000800214300001400222490000800236520099700244100001701241700002101258700002101279856010501300 2004 eng d a0028-0836 a0028-083600a{Large fluctuations in speed on Greenland's Jakobshavn Isbrae glacier.}0 aLarge fluctuations in speed on Greenlands Jakobshavn Isbrae glac cdec a608–6100 v4323 aIt is important to understand recent changes in the velocity of Greenland glaciers because the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet is partly determined by the flow rates of these outlets. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining about 6.5 per cent of the ice-sheet area, and it has been surveyed repeatedly since 1991 (ref. 2). Here we use remote sensing data to measure the velocity of Jakobshavn Isbrae between 1992 and 2003. We detect large variability of the velocity over time, including a slowing down from 6,700 m yr(-1) in 1985 to 5,700 m yr(-1) in 1992, and a subsequent speeding up to 9,400 m yr(-1) by 2000 and 12,600 m yr(-1) in 2003. These changes are consistent with earlier evidence for thickening of the glacier in the early 1990s and rapid thinning thereafter. Our observations indicate that fast-flowing glaciers can significantly alter ice discharge at sub-decadal timescales, with at least a potential to respond rapidly to a changing climate.1 aJoughin, Ian1 aAbdalati, Waleed1 aFahnestock, Mark uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/large-fluctuations-speed-greenlands-jakobshavn-isbrae-glacier00611nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001300041245006300054210006100117300001400178490000700192100001900199700001600218700002300234700002200257700001900279700002000298856011100318 2004 eng d a0022143000aProbing the till beneath Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, USA0 aProbing the till beneath Black Rapids Glacier Alaska USA a608–6140 v501 aHarrison, W.D.1 aTruffer, M.1 aEchelmeyer, K., A.1 aPomraning, D., A.1 aAbnett, K., A.1 aRuhkick, R., H. uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{&}issn=0022-1430{&}volume=50{&}issue=171{&}spage=60800553nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260004000181300001400221490000700235100002000242700001900262700002500281856010100306 2003 eng d00aEffects of basal sliding on isochrones and flow near an ice divide0 aEffects of basal sliding on isochrones and flow near an ice divi bInternational Glaciological Society a370–3760 v371 aPettit, Erin, C1 aJacobson, Paul1 aWaddington, Edwin, D uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/effects-basal-sliding-isochrones-and-flow-near-ice-divide00431nas a2200133 4500008004100000245003800041210003800079260004000117300001400157490000700171100002000178700002500198856007400223 2003 eng d00aIce flow at low deviatoric stress0 aIce flow at low deviatoric stress bInternational Glaciological Society a359–3690 v491 aPettit, Erin, C1 aWaddington, Edwin, D uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/ice-flow-low-deviatoric-stress00376nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001300041245003000054210003000084300001200114490000700126100001600133700002300149856007000172 2003 eng d a0260305500aOf isbræ and ice streams0 aOf isbræ and ice streams a66–720 v361 aTruffer, M.1 aEchelmeyer, K., A. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/isbr%C3%A6-and-ice-streams00674nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015500041210006900196260001300265300001400278490000700292100002100299700002300320700002000343700002000363856013300383 2003 eng d00aSpatial relationships between snow contaminant content, grain size, and surface temperature from multispectral images of Mt. Rainier, Washington (USA)0 aSpatial relationships between snow contaminant content grain siz bElsevier a216–2310 v861 aKay, Jennifer, E1 aGillespie, Alan, R1 aHansen, Gary, B1 aPettit, Erin, C uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/spatial-relationships-between-snow-contaminant-content-grain-size-and-surface-temperature00538nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245006800054210006100122260000800183300001200191490000700203100002400210700002200234700001600256856010800272 2003 eng d a0260305500aA surface motion survey of Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.0 asurface motion survey of Black Rapids Glacier Alaska USA cjan a29–360 v361 aFatland, Dennis, R.1 aLingle, Craig, S.1 aTruffer, M. uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{&}issn=0260-3055{&}volume=36{&}issue=1{&}spage=2900432nas a2200085 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135100002000204856012200224 2003 eng d00aUnique dynamic behaviors of ice divides: Siple Dome and the rheological properties of ice0 aUnique dynamic behaviors of ice divides Siple Dome and the rheol1 aPettit, Erin, C uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/unique-dynamic-behaviors-ice-divides-siple-dome-and-rheological-properties-ice00736nas a2200193 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137260004000206300001400246490000700260100002200267700002300289700002500312700001800337700002000355700002000375700002500395856012200420 2002 eng d00aMeasurement of vertical strain and velocity at Siple Dome, Antarctica, with optical sensors0 aMeasurement of vertical strain and velocity at Siple Dome Antarc bInternational Glaciological Society a217–2250 v481 aZumberge, Mark, A1 aElsberg, Daniel, H1 aHarrison, William, D1 aHusmann, Eric1 aMorack, John, L1 aPettit, Erin, C1 aWaddington, Edwin, D uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/measurement-vertical-strain-and-velocity-siple-dome-antarctica-optical-sensors00659nas a2200157 4500008004100000245017700041210007000218300001400288490000700302100002300309700001200332700001300344700001600357700001700373856011100390 2002 eng d00aMechanisms of fast flow in Jakobshavns Isbræ, Greenland, Part III: Measurements of ice deformation, temperature and cross-borehole conductivity in boreholes to the bedrock0 aMechanisms of fast flow in Jakobshavns Isbræ Greenland Part III a369–3850 v481 aLüthi, Martin, P.1 aFunk, M1 aIken, A.1 aTruffer, M.1 aGogineni, S. uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{&}issn=0022-1430{&}volume=48{&}issue=162{&}spage=36901054nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260000800224300001400232490000800246520047600254100001800730700001600748700001700764700001500781700001600796856004800812 2001 eng d a0036-807500a{High geothermal heat flow, Basal melt, and the origin of rapid ice flow in central Greenland.}0 aHigh geothermal heat flow Basal melt and the origin of rapid ice cdec a2338–420 v2943 aAge-depth relations from internal layering reveal a large region of rapid basal melting in Greenland. Melt is localized at the onset of rapid ice flow in the large ice stream that drains north off the summit dome and other areas in the northeast quadrant of the ice sheet. Locally, high melt rates indicate geothermal fluxes 15 to 30 times continental background. The southern limit of melt coincides with magnetic anomalies and topography that suggest a volcanic origin.1 aFahnestock, M1 aAbdalati, W1 aJoughin, Ian1 aBrozena, J1 aGogineni, P uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1174319700524nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245005700054210005700111260000800168300001400176490000700190100001600197700002300213700001900236856011100255 2001 eng d a0022143000aImplications of till deformation on glacier dynamics0 aImplications of till deformation on glacier dynamics cfeb a123–1340 v471 aTruffer, M.1 aEchelmeyer, K., A.1 aHarrison, W.D. uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{&}issn=0022-1430{&}volume=47{&}issue=156{&}spage=12300542nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245006600054210006600120260000800186300001400194490000700208100001600215700001900231700002300250856011100273 2000 eng d a0022143000aGlacier motion dominated by processes deep in underlying till0 aGlacier motion dominated by processes deep in underlying till csep a213–2210 v461 aTruffer, M.1 aHarrison, W.D.1 aEchelmeyer, K., A. uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{&}issn=0022-1430{&}volume=46{&}issue=153{&}spage=21300616nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009900041210007100140260001800211300001200229490000800241100001800249700001700267700001400284700001400298856014600312 1999 eng d00aAnalysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped Ta 2 O 5–Al 2 O 3–SiO 2 optical fiber0 aAnalysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped Ta 2 O 5–Al bNorth-Holland a10–150 v2591 aOh, Kyunghwan1 aPettit, Erin1 aKilian, A1 aMorse, TF uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/analysis-spectroscopic-properties-erbium-doped-ta-2-o-5%E2%80%93al-2-o-3%E2%80%93sio-2-optical-fiber-100574nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009900041210007100140260001800211300001200229490000800241100000500249700001400254700001400268856014600282 1999 eng d00aAnalysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped Ta 2 O 5–Al 2 O 3–SiO 2 optical fiber0 aAnalysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped Ta 2 O 5–Al bNorth-Holland a10–150 v2591 a1 aKilian, A1 aMorse, TF uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/analysis-spectroscopic-properties-erbium-doped-ta-2-o-5%E2%80%93al-2-o-3%E2%80%93sio-2-optical-fiber-000585nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009900041210007100140260001800211300001200229490000800241100001800249700001400267700001400281856014400295 1999 eng d00aAnalysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped Ta 2 O 5–Al 2 O 3–SiO 2 optical fiber0 aAnalysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped Ta 2 O 5–Al bNorth-Holland a10–150 v2591 aOh, Kyunghwan1 aKilian, A1 aMorse, TF uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/analysis-spectroscopic-properties-erbium-doped-ta-2-o-5%E2%80%93al-2-o-3%E2%80%93sio-2-optical-fiber00644nas a2200145 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200260001300269300001200282490000800294100001800302700001400320700001400334856015000348 1999 eng d00aAnalysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped Ta< sub> 2 O< sub> 5–Al< sub> 2 O< sub> 3–SiO< sub> 2 optical fiber0 aAnalysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped Ta sub 2sub bElsevier a10–150 v2591 aOh, Kyunghwan1 aKilian, A1 aMorse, TF uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/analysis-spectroscopic-properties-erbium-doped-ta-sub-2-o-sub-5%E2%80%93al-sub-2-o-sub-3%E2%80%93sio-sub-200651nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146300001400215490000700229100001600236700002200252700001900274700002300293700001300316700001700329856013500346 1999 eng d00aSubglacial drilling at Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A : drilling method and sample descriptions0 aSubglacial drilling at Black Rapids Glacier Alaska USA drilling a495–5050 v451 aTruffer, M.1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aHarrison, W.D.1 aEchelmeyer, K., A.1 aFisk, B.1 aTulaczyk, S. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/subglacial-drilling-black-rapids-glacier-alaska-usa-drilling-method-and-sample-descriptions00615nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012500041210006900166260001300235300001200248490000800260100001700268700001700285700001800302700001400320856012300334 1999 eng d00aThermal effects on the excited state absorption and upconversion process of erbium ions in germanosilicate optical fiber0 aThermal effects on the excited state absorption and upconversion bElsevier a51–560 v2591 aPettit, Erin1 aSimpson, Jay1 aOh, Kyunghwan1 aMorse, TF uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/thermal-effects-excited-state-absorption-and-upconversion-process-erbium-ions-000555nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012500041210006900166260001300235300001200248490000800260100001800268700001400286856012100300 1999 eng d00aThermal effects on the excited state absorption and upconversion process of erbium ions in germanosilicate optical fiber0 aThermal effects on the excited state absorption and upconversion bElsevier a51–560 v2591 aOh, Kyunghwan1 aMorse, TF uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/thermal-effects-excited-state-absorption-and-upconversion-process-erbium-ions00456nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007000041210006600111300001400177490000700191100002000198700001600218856010000234 1998 eng d00aThe sliding velocity over a sinusoidal bed at high water pressure0 asliding velocity over a sinusoidal bed at high water pressure a379–3820 v441 aTruffer, Martin1 aIken, Almut uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/sliding-velocity-over-sinusoidal-bed-high-water-pressure00571nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152260002200221300001400243490000700257100002400264700002000288856012900308 1997 eng d00aThe effects of APU characteristics on the design of hybrid control strategies for hybrid electric vehicles0 aeffects of APU characteristics on the design of hybrid control s bSAE INTERNATIONAL a305–3110 v581 aAnderson, Catherine1 aPettit, Erin, C uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/effects-apu-characteristics-design-hybrid-control-strategies-hybrid-electric-vehicles02282nas a2200145 4500008004100000020001400041022001300055245014800068210006900216300001400285520167500299100001301974700001601987856013302003 1997 eng d a0022-1430 a0022143000aThe relationship between subglacial water pressure and velocity of Findelengletscher, Switzerland, during its advance and retreat} volume = {430 arelationship between subglacial water pressure and velocity of F a328–3383 aFindelengletscher, Switzerland, advanced about 250 m between 1979$\backslash$nand 1985, and retreated thereafter. Subglacial water pressure, surface$\backslash$nvelocity and surface strain rate were determined at several sites.$\backslash$nThe measurements were made early in the melt seasons of 1980, 1982,$\backslash$n1985 and 1994 and in the autumn of 1983 and the winter of 1984. Changes$\backslash$nof surface geometry were assessed from aerial photographs. The estimated$\backslash$nbasal shear stress changed little between 1982 and 1994. Nevertheless,$\backslash$nlarge changes in the relationship of subglacial water pressure and$\backslash$nsurface velocity were observed, which cannot be reconciled with the$\backslash$nmost commonly used sliding law unless it is modified substantially$\backslash$nConsideration of possible reasons indicates that a change in the$\backslash$nsubglacial drainage system occurred, probably involving a change$\backslash$nin the degree of cavity interconnection. Isolated cavities damp the$\backslash$nvariations in sliding velocity that normally result from changes$\backslash$nin water pressure, because the pressure in isolated cavities decreases$\backslash$nas the sliding speed increases. In contrast, by transmitting water-pressure$\backslash$nfluctuations to a larger area of the bed, interconnected cavities$\backslash$namplify the effect of water-pressure fluctuations on sliding speed.$\backslash$nThus, we suggest that an observed decrease in velocity (for a given$\backslash$nwater pressure) between 1982 and 1994 was a consequence of a decrease$\backslash$nin the interconnectedness of the subglacial cavity system.1 aIken, A.1 aTruffer, M. uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/relationship-between-subglacial-water-pressure-and-velocity-findelengletscher-switzerland00644nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245010700055210006900162300001000231490000700241100001800248700002400266700002500290700001900315700001600334700001500350856009700365 1994 eng d a0148-022700a{Mechanical and hydrologic basis for the rapid motion of a large tidewater glacier: 2. Interpretation}0 aMechanical and hydrologic basis for the rapid motion of a large a152310 v991 aKamb, Barclay1 aEngelhardt, Hermann1 aFahnestock, Mark, A.1 aHumphrey, Neil1 aMeier, Mark1 aStone, Dan uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1994/94JB00467.shtml http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/94JB0046700512nas a2200157 4500008004000000022002500040245007500065210006900140300001200209490000800221100001900229700001500248700002000263700001600283856005500299 0 engd a0165-0009, 1573-148000aAssessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass balance0 aAssessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass b a329-3410 v1231 aO’Neel, Shad1 aHood, Eran1 aArendt, Anthony1 aSass, Louis uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-013-1042-700666nas a2200205 4500008004000000245006000040210005900100100001800159700001700177700002000194700001800214700002500232700001900257700002300276700001900299700002000318700002000338700001100358856009100369 0 engd00aGlaciers and Climate of the Upper Susitna Basin, Alaska0 aGlaciers and Climate of the Upper Susitna Basin Alaska1 aBliss, Andrew1 aHock, Regine1 aWolken, Gabriel1 aWhorton, Erin1 aAubry-Wake, Caroline1 aBraun, Juliana1 aGusmeroli, Alessio1 aHarrison, Will1 aHoffman, Andrew1 aLiljedahl, Anna1 aothers uhttps://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/glaciers-and-climate-upper-susitna-basin-alaska01742nas a2200157 4500008004000000245011900040210006900159300001200228490000600240520117400246100002201420700001601442700002201458700002001480856008401500 0 engd00aHazard assessment of the Tidal Inlet landslide and potential subsequent tsunami, Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska0 aHazard assessment of the Tidal Inlet landslide and potential sub a205-2150 v43 aAn unstable rock slump, estimated at 5 to 10 × 106 m3, lies perched above the northern shore of Tidal Inlet in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. This landslide mass has the potential to rapidly move into Tidal Inlet and generate large, long-period-impulse tsunami waves. Field and photographic examination revealed that the landslide moved between 1892 and 1919 after the retreat of the Little Ice Age glaciers from Tidal Inlet in 1890. Global positioning system measurements over a 2-year period show that the perched mass is presently moving at 3–4 cm annually indicating the landslide remains unstable. Numerical simulations of landslide-generated waves suggest that in the western arm of Glacier Bay, wave amplitudes would be greatest near the mouth of Tidal Inlet and slightly decrease with water depth according to Green’s law. As a function of time, wave amplitude would be greatest within approximately 40 min of the landslide entering water, with significant wave activity continuing for potentially several hours.1 aWieczorek, Gerald1 aGeist, Eric1 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aJakob, Matthias uhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/10346/2007/00000004/00000003/0000008400579nas a2200169 4500008004000000245007600040210006900116300001200185490000700197100002200204700001900226700002000245700001800265700001800283700002400301856008400325 0 engd00aHubbard Glacier update: another closure of Russell Fiord in the making?0 aHubbard Glacier update another closure of Russell Fiord in the m a562-5640 v541 aMotyka, Roman, J.1 aLawson, Daniel1 aFinnegan, David1 aKalli, George1 aMolnia, Bruce1 aArendt, Anthony, A. uhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2008/00000054/00000186/art00020