@article {336,
	title = {Circumpolar Deep Water Impacts Glacial Meltwater Export and Coastal Biogeochemical Cycling Along the West Antarctic Peninsula},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1{\textendash}23},
	keywords = {Antarctic Peninsula, ice, meltwater, phytoplankton},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00144},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00144/full},
	author = {Cape, Mattias R. and Vernet, Maria and Pettit, Erin C. and Wellner, Julia and Truffer, Martin and Akie, Garrett and Domack, Eugene and Leventer, Amy and Smith, Craig R. and Huber, Bruce A.}
}
@article {333,
	title = {The Larsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA): Polar Systems Bound Together, Changing Fast},
	journal = {GSA Today},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {4{\textendash}10},
	abstract = {Climatic, cryospheric, and biologic changes taking place in the northern Antarctic Peninsula provide examples for how ongoing systemic change may pro- gress through the entire Antarctic system. A large, interdisciplinary research project focused on the Larsen Ice Shelf system, synthesized here, has documented dramatic ice cover, oceanographic, and ecosystem changes in the Antarctic Peninsula during the Holocene and the present period of rapid regional warming. The responsive- ness of the region results from its position in the climate and ocean system, in which a narrow continental block extends across zonal atmospheric and ocean flow, creating high snow accumulation, strong gradients and gyres, dynamic oceanography, outlet glaciers feeding into many fjords and bays having steep topography, and a continental shelf that contains many glacially carved troughs separated by areas of glacial sedi- ment accumulation. The microcosm of the northern Antarctic Peninsula has a ten- dency to change rapidly{\textemdash}rapid relative not just to Antarctica{\textquoteright}s mainland but compared to the rest of the planet as well{\textemdash}and it is generally warmer than the rest of Antarctica. Both its Holocene and modern glaciological retreats offer a picture of how larger areas of Antarctica farther south might change under future warming.},
	issn = {10525173},
	doi = {10.1130/gsatg382a.1},
	author = {Wellner, Julia and Scambos, Ted and Domack, Eugene and Vernet, Maria and Leventer, Amy and Balco, Greg and Brachfeld, Stefanie and Cape, Mattias and Huber, Bruce and Ishman, Scott and McCormick, Michael and Mosley-Thompson, Ellen and Pettit, Erin and Smith, Craig and Truffer, Martin and Van Dover, Cindy and Yoo, Kyu-Cheul}
}
@article {337,
	title = {Non-linear glacier response to calving events, Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {39{\textendash}54},
	abstract = {Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, a tidewater glacier that produces some of Greenland{\textquoteright}s largest icebergs and highest speeds, reached record-high flow rates in 2012 (Joughin and others, 2014). We use terrestrial radar interferometric observations from August 2012 to characterize the events that led to record-high flow. We find that the highest speeds occurred in response to a small calving retreat, while several larger calving events produced negligible changes in glacier speed. This non-linear response to calving events suggests the terminus was close to flotation and therefore highly sensitive to terminus position. Our observations indicate that a glacier{\textquoteright}s response to calving is a consequence of two competing feedbacks: (1) an increase in strain rates that leads to dynamic thinning and faster flow, thereby promoting destabilization, and (2) an increase in flow rates that advects thick ice toward the terminus and promotes restabilization. The competition between these feedbacks depends on temporal and spatial variations in the glacier{\textquoteright}s proximity to flotation. This study highlights the importance of dynamic thinning and advective processes on tidewater glacier stability, and further suggests the latter may be limiting the current retreat due to the thick ice that occupies Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}{\textquoteright}s retrograde bed.},
	keywords = {calving, dynamic thinning, Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, terrestrial radar interferometry, tidewater glaciers},
	issn = {00221430},
	doi = {10.1017/jog.2018.90},
	author = {Cassotto, Ryan and Fahnestock, Mark and Amundson, Jason M. and Truffer, Martin and Boettcher, Margaret S. and De La Pe{\~n}a, Santiago and Howat, Ian}
}
@article {Goelzer2018,
	title = {{Design and results of the ice sheet model initialisation experiments initMIP-Greenland: an ISMIP6 intercomparison}},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {2018},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {1433{\textendash}1460},
	abstract = {Abstract. Earlier large-scale Greenland ice sheet sea-level projections (e.g. those run during the ice2sea and SeaRISE initiatives) have shown that ice sheet initial conditions have a large effect on the projections and give rise to important uncertainties. The goal of this initMIP-Greenland intercomparison exercise is to compare, evaluate, and improve the initialisation techniques used in the ice sheet modelling community and to estimate the associated uncertainties in modelled mass changes. initMIP-Greenland is the first in a series of ice sheet model intercomparison activities within ISMIP6 (the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6), which is the primary activity within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) focusing on the ice sheets. Two experiments for the large-scale Greenland ice sheet have been designed to allow intercomparison between participating models of (1) the initial present-day state of the ice sheet and (2) the response in two idealised forward experiments. The forward experiments serve to evaluate the initialisation in terms of model drift (forward run without additional forcing) and in response to a large perturbation (prescribed surface mass balance anomaly); they should not be interpreted as sea-level projections. We present and discuss results that highlight the diversity of data sets, boundary conditions, and initialisation techniques used in the community to generate initial states of the Greenland ice sheet. We find good agreement across the ensemble for the dynamic response to surface mass balance changes in areas where the simulated ice sheets overlap but differences arising from the initial size of the ice sheet. The model drift in the control experiment is reduced for models that participated in earlier intercomparison exercises.},
	issn = {1994-0424},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-12-1433-2018},
	url = {https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/1433/2018/},
	author = {Goelzer, Heiko and Nowicki, Sophie and Edwards, Tamsin and Beckley, Matthew and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Aschwanden, Andy and Calov, Reinhard and Gagliardini, Olivier and Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien and Golledge, Nicholas R. and Gregory, Jonathan and Greve, Ralf and Humbert, Angelika and Huybrechts, Philippe and Kennedy, Joseph H. and Larour, Eric and Lipscomb, William H. and Le clec\&apos;h, S{\'e}bastien and Lee, Victoria and Morlighem, Mathieu and Pattyn, Frank and Payne, Antony J. and Rodehacke, Christian and R{\"u}ckamp, Martin and Saito, Fuyuki and Schlegel, Nicole and Seroussi, Helene and Shepherd, Andrew and Sun, Sainan and van de Wal, Roderik and Ziemen, Florian A.}
}
@article {344,
	title = {Acquisition of a 3 min, two-dimensional glacier velocity field with terrestrial radar interferometry},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {1{\textendash}8},
	abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}Outlet glaciers undergo rapid spatial and temporal changes in flow velocity during calving events. Observing such changes requires both high temporal and high spatial resolution methods, something now possible with terrestrial radar interferometry. While a single such radar provides line-of-sight velocity, two radars define both components of the horizontal flow field. To assess the feasibility of obtaining the two-dimensional (2-D) flow field, we deployed two terrestrial radar interferometers at Jakobshavn Isbrae, a major outlet glacier on Greenland{\textquoteright}s west coast, in the summer of 2012. Here, we develop and demonstrate a method to combine the line-of-sight velocity data from two synchronized radars to produce a 2-D velocity field from a single (3 min) interferogram. Results are compared with the more traditional feature-tracking data obtained from the same radar, averaged over a longer period. We demonstrate the potential and limitations of this new dual-radar approach for obtaining high spatial and temporal resolution 2-D velocity fields at outlet glaciers.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
	keywords = {glacier flow, glacier geophysics, glaciological instruments and methods},
	issn = {0022-1430},
	doi = {10.1017/jog.2017.28},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143017000284/type/journal{\_}article},
	author = {Voytenko, Denis and Dixon, Timothy H. and Holland, David M. and Cassotto, Ryan and Howat, Ian M. and Fahnestock, Mark A. and Truffer, Martin and De La Pe{\~n}a, Santiago}
}
@article {apr,
	title = {Asynchronous behavior of outlet glaciers feeding Godth{\aa}bsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua) and the triggering of Narsap Sermia{\textquoteright}s retreat in SW Greenland},
	journal = {J. Glaciol.},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2017},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {288{\textendash}308},
	abstract = {We assess ice loss and velocity changes between 1985 and 2014 of three tidewater and five-land terminating glaciers in Godth{\aa}bsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua), Greenland. Glacier thinning accounted for 43.8 {\textpm} 0.2 km 3 of ice loss, equivalent to 0.10 mm eustatic sea-level rise. An additional 3.5 {\textpm} 0.3 km 3 was lost to the calving retreats of Kangiata Nunaata Sermia (KNS) and Narsap Sermia (NS), two tidewater glaciers that exhibited asynchronous behavior over the study period. KNS has retreated 22 km from its Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum (1761 AD), of which 0.8 km since 1985. KNS has stabilized in shallow water, but seasonally advects a 2 km long floating tongue. In contrast, NS began retreating from its LIA moraine in 2004{\textendash}06 (0.6 km), re-stabilized, then retreated 3.3 km during 2010{\textendash}14 into an over-deepened basin. Velocities at KNS ranged 5{\textendash}6 km a -1 , while at NS they increased from 1.5 to 5.5 km a -1 between 2004 and 2014. We present comprehensive analyses of glacier thinning, runoff, surface mass balance, ocean conditions, submarine melting, bed topography, ice m{\'e}lange and conclude that the 2010{\textendash}14 NS retreat was triggered by a combination of factors but primarily by an increase in submarine melting.},
	keywords = {glacier calving, glacier discharge, glacier mass balance, ice/atmosphere interactions, ice/ocean interactions, tidewater glaciers},
	issn = {0022-1430},
	doi = {10.1017/jog.2016.138},
	author = {Motyka, Roman J. and Cassotto, Ryan and Truffer, Martin and Kjeldsen, Kristian K. and Van As, Dirk and Korsgaard, Niels J. and Fahnestock, Mark and Howat, Ian and Langen, Peter L. and Mortensen, John and Lennert, Kunuk and Rysgaard, S{\o}ren}
}
@article {jan,
	title = {Sub-ice-shelf sediments record history of twentieth-century retreat of Pine Island Glacier},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {541},
	year = {2017},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {77{\textendash}80},
	abstract = {The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is one of the largest potential sources of rising sea levels. Over the past 40 years, glaciers flowing into the Amundsen Sea sector of the ice sheet have thinned at an accelerating rate, and several numerical models suggest that unstable and irreversible retreat of the grounding line{\textemdash}which marks the boundary between grounded ice and floating ice shelf{\textemdash}is underway. Understanding this recent retreat requires a detailed knowledge of grounding-line history, but the locations of the grounding line before the advent of satellite monitoring in the 1990s are poorly dated. In particular, a history of grounding-line retreat is required to understand the relative roles of contemporaneous ocean-forced change and of ongoing glacier response to an earlier perturbation in driving ice-sheet loss. Here we show that the present thinning and retreat of Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica is part of a climatically forced trend that was triggered in the 1940s. Our conclusions arise from analysis of sediment cores recovered beneath the floating Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, and constrain the date at which the grounding line retreated from a prominent seafloor ridge. We find that incursion of marine water beyond the crest of this ridge, forming an ocean cavity beneath the ice shelf, occurred in 1945 ({\textpm}12 years); final ungrounding of the ice shelf from the ridge occurred in 1970 ({\textpm}4 years). The initial opening of this ocean cavity followed a period of strong warming of West Antarctica, associated with El Ni{\~n}o activity. Thus our results suggest that, even when climate forcing weakened, ice-sheet retreat continued.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, Pine Island glacier},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature20136},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature20136{\%}5Cnhttp://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature20136 http://www.nature.com/articles/nature20136},
	author = {Smith, J. A. and Andersen, T. J. and Shortt, M. and Gaffney, A. M. and Truffer, Martin and Stanton, T P and Bindschadler, Robert and Dutrieux, Pierre and Jenkins, Adrian and Hillenbrand, C.-D. and Ehrmann, Werner and Corr, H. F. J. and Farley, N. and Crowhurst, S. and Vaughan, David G.}
}
@article {Khan2016,
	title = {{Geodetic measurements reveal similarities between post-Last Glacial Maximum and present-day mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet}},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	volume = {2},
	number = {9},
	year = {2016},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {e1600931{\textendash}e1600931},
	issn = {2375-2548},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1600931},
	url = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1600931},
	author = {Khan, Shfaqat A and Sasgen, Ingo and Bevis, Michael and van Dam, T. and Bamber, Jonathan L and Wahr, John and Willis, Michael and Kjaer, K. H. and Wouters, Bert and Helm, Veit and Csatho, Beata and Fleming, Kevin and Bjork, A. A. and Aschwanden, Andy and Knudsen, Per and Munneke, Peter Kuipers}
}
@article {MacGregor2016,
	title = {{Holocene deceleration of the Greenland Ice Sheet}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {351},
	number = {6273},
	year = {2016},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {590{\textendash}593},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.aab1702},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aab1702},
	author = {MacGregor, J. A. and Colgan, W. T. and Fahnestock, M. A. and Morlighem, M. and Catania, G. A. and Paden, J. D. and Gogineni, S. P.}
}
@article {oct,
	title = {Sensitivity of Pine Island Glacier to observed ocean forcing},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2016},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {10,817{\textendash}10,825},
	abstract = {{\textcopyright}2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.We present subannual observations (2009{\textendash}2014) of a major West Antarctic glacier (Pine Island Glacier) and the neighboring ocean. Ongoing glacier retreat and accelerated ice flow were likely triggered a few decades ago by increased ocean-induced thinning, which may have initiated marine ice sheet instability. Following a subsequent 60{\%} drop in ocean heat content from early 2012 to late 2013, ice flow slowed, but by {\textless} 4{\%}, with flow recovering as the ocean warmed to prior temperatures. During this cold-ocean period, the evolving glacier-bed/ice shelf system was also in a geometry favorable to stabilization. However, despite a minor, temporary decrease in ice discharge, the basin-wide thinning signal did not change. Thus, as predicted by theory, once marine ice sheet instability is underway, a single transient high-amplitude ocean cooling has only a relatively minor effect on ice flow. The long-term effects of ocean temperature variability on ice flow, however, are not yet known.},
	keywords = {glacier-ocean interactions, Ice Dynamics, ice shelves, ice streams, marine ice sheet instability},
	issn = {00948276},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GL070500},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016GL070500},
	author = {Christianson, Knut and Bushuk, Mitchell and Dutrieux, Pierre and Parizek, Byron R. and Joughin, Ian R. and Alley, Richard B. and Shean, David E. and Abrahamsen, E. Povl and Anandakrishnan, Sridhar and Heywood, Karen J. and Kim, Tae-Wan and Lee, Sang Hoon and Nicholls, Keith and Stanton, Tim and Truffer, Martin and Webber, Benjamin G. M. and Jenkins, Adrian and Jacobs, Stan and Bindschadler, Robert and Holland, David M.}
}
@article {MacGregor2016a,
	title = {{A synthesis of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	year = {2016},
	month = {jul},
	issn = {21699003},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JF003803},
	author = {MacGregor, Joseph A. and Fahnestock, Mark A. and Catania, Ginny A. and Aschwanden, Andy and Clow, Gary D. and Colgan, William T. and Gogineni, S. Prasad and Morlighem, Mathieu and Nowicki, Sophie M. J. and Paden, John D. and Price, Stephen F. and Seroussi, Helene}
}
@article {348,
	title = {The taphonomy of human remains in a glacial environment},
	journal = {Forensic Science International},
	volume = {261},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {161.e1{\textendash}161.e8},
	abstract = {A glacial environment is a unique setting that can alter human remains in characteristic ways. This study describes glacial dynamics and how glaciers can be understood as taphonomic agents. Using a case study of human remains recovered from Colony Glacier, Alaska, a glacial taphonomic signature is outlined that includes: (1) movement of remains, (2) dispersal of remains, (3) altered bone margins, (4) splitting of skeletal elements, and (5) extensive soft tissue preservation and adipocere formation. As global glacier area is declining in the current climate, there is the potential for more materials of archaeological and medicolegal significance to be exposed. It is therefore important for the forensic anthropologist to have an idea of the taphonomy in this setting and to be able to differentiate glacial effects from other taphonomic agents.},
	keywords = {Forensic anthropology, Glacial dynamics, Glacial movement, Glacial taphonomy},
	issn = {18726283},
	doi = {10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.027},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.027},
	author = {Pilloud, Marin A. and Megyesi, Mary S. and Truffer, Martin and Congram, Derek}
}
@article {351,
	title = {Dynamic jamming of iceberg-choked fjords},
	journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {1122{\textendash}1129},
	keywords = {10.1002/2014GL062715 and glaciers, calving, icebergs, jamming},
	issn = {00948276},
	doi = {10.1002/2014GL062715},
	author = {Peters, I and Amundson, J. M. and Cassotto, R and Fahnestock, M and Darnell, K and Truffer, M. and Zhang, W.}
}
@article {MacGregor2015b,
	title = {{Radar attenuation and temperature within the Greenland Ice Sheet}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {120},
	number = {6},
	year = {2015},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {983{\textendash}1008},
	issn = {21699003},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JF003418},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JF003418},
	author = {MacGregor, Joseph A. and Li, Jilu and Paden, John D and Catania, Ginny a and Clow, Gary D and Fahnestock, Mark A and Gogineni, S Prasad and Grimm, Robert E and Morlighem, Mathieu and Nandi, Soumyaroop and Seroussi, Helene and Stillman, David E}
}
@article {MacGregor2015,
	title = {{Radiostratigraphy and age structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {212{\textendash}241},
	keywords = {10.1002/2014JF003215 and Greenland Ice Sheet, ice core, ice-penetrating dynamics, ice-sheet dynamics},
	issn = {21699003},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JF003215},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JF003215},
	author = {MacGregor, Joseph A. and Fahnestock, Mark A. and Catania, Ginny A. and Paden, John D and Prasad Gogineni, S. and Young, S Keith and Rybarski, Susan C and Mabrey, Alexandria N and Wagman, Benjamin M and Morlighem, Mathieu}
}
@article {281,
	title = {Satellite observations show no net change in the percentage of supraglacial debris-covered area in northern Pakistan from 1977 to 2014},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {524{\textendash}536},
	author = {Herreid, Sam and Pellicciotti, Francesca and Ayala, Alvaro and Chesnokova, Anna and Kienholz, Christian and Shea, Joseph and Shrestha, Arun}
}
@article {350,
	title = {Seasonal and interannual variations in ice melange and its impact on terminus stability, Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {76{\textendash}88},
	keywords = {arctic glaciology, calving, ice, ocean interactions, Remote sensing, sea-ice dynamics},
	issn = {00221430},
	doi = {10.3189/2015JoG13J235},
	author = {Cassotto, Ryan and Fahnestock, Mark and Amundson, Jason M. and Truffer, Martin and Joughin, Ian}
}
@article {240,
	title = {The Randolph Glacier Inventory: a globally complete inventory of glaciers},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {537 - 552},
	doi = {10.3189/2014JoG13J176},
	author = {Pfeffer, W.T. and Arendt, A. and Bliss, A. and Bolch, T. and Cogley, G. and Gardner, A. and Hagen, J-O., and Hock, R. and Kaser, G and Kienholz, C. and Miles, E. and Moholdt, G. and M{\"o}lg, N. and Paul, F. and Radi{\'c}, V. and Rastner, P. and Raup, B. and Rich, J. and Sharp, M.}
}
@article {255,
	title = {Surface velocity and mass balance of Livingston Island ice cap, Antarctica},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1807{\textendash}1823},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-8-1807-2014},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/8/1807/2014/},
	author = {Osmanoglu, B. and Navarro, F. J. and Hock, R. and Braun, M. and Corcuera, M. I.}
}
@article {124,
	title = {Antarctica, Greenland and Gulf of Alaska land-ice evolution from an iterated GRACE global mascon solution},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {613{\textendash}631},
	doi = {10.3189/2013JoG12J147},
	author = {Scott B Luthcke and Sabaka, TJ and Loomis, BD and Anthony A. Arendt and J J McCarthy and Camp, J}
}
@article {2013/08/01,
	title = {Challenges to Understanding the Dynamic Response of Greenland{\textquoteright}s Marine Terminating Glaciers to Oceanic and Atmospheric Forcing},
	journal = {Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013/08/01},
	pages = {1131 - 1144},
	doi = {10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00100.1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00100.1},
	author = {Straneo, Fiammetta and Heimbach, Patrick and Sergienko, Olga and Hamilton, Gordon and Catania, Ginny and Griffies, Stephen and Hallberg, Robert and Jenkins, Adrian and Joughin, Ian and Motyka, Roman and Pfeffer, W. Tad and Stephen F. Price and Eric Rignot and Scambos, Ted and Martin Truffer and Vieli, Andreas}
}
@article {sep,
	title = {Channelized ice melting in the ocean boundary layer beneath Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica.},
	journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
	volume = {341},
	year = {2013},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1236{\textendash}9},
	abstract = {Ice shelves play a key role in the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheets by buttressing their seaward-flowing outlet glaciers; however, they are exposed to the underlying ocean and may weaken if ocean thermal forcing increases. An expedition to the ice shelf of the remote Pine Island Glacier, a major outlet of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that has rapidly thinned and accelerated in recent decades, has been completed. Observations from geophysical surveys and long-term oceanographic instruments deployed down bore holes into the ocean cavity reveal a buoyancy-driven boundary layer within a basal channel that melts the channel apex by 0.06 meter per day, with near-zero melt rates along the flanks of the channel. A complex pattern of such channels is visible throughout the Pine Island Glacier shelf.},
	keywords = {Antarctic Regions, Freezing, Ice Cover, Oceans and Seas},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1239373},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24031016},
	author = {Stanton, T P and Shaw, W J and Truffer, M. and Corr, H F J and Peters, L E and Riverman, K L and Bindschadler, R and Holland, D M and Anandakrishnan, S}
}
@article {130,
	title = {Ice-sheet model sensitivities to environmental forcing and their use in projecting future sea-level (The SeaRISE Project)},
	journal = {J. Glaciol},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {195{\textendash}224},
	author = {Robert A. Bindschadler and Nowicki, Sophie and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Andy Aschwanden and Choi, Hyeungu and Fastook, Jim and Granzow, Glen and Greve, Ralf and Gutowski, Gail and Herzfeld, Ute and others}
}
@article {SeariseAntarctica2013,
	title = {{Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project I: Antarctica}},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {118},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1002{\textendash}1024},
	issn = {21699003},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrf.20081},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrf.20081},
	author = {Nowicki, Sophie and Robert A. Bindschadler and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Andy Aschwanden and E. Bueler and Choi, Hyeungu and Fastook, Jim and Granzow, Glen and Greve, Ralf and Gutowski, Gail and Herzfeld, Ute and Jackson, Charles and Jesse V Johnson and Constantine Khroulev and Larour, Eric and Anders Levermann and Lipscomb, William H. and Maria A. Martin and Morlighem, Mathieu and Parizek, Byron R. and David Pollard and Stephen F. Price and Ren, Diandong and Eric Rignot and Fuyuki Saito and Tatsuru Sato and Seddik, Hakime and Seroussi, Helene and Takahashi, Kunio and Walker, Ryan and Wang, Wei Li}
}
@article {SeariseGreenland2013,
	title = {{Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project II: Greenland}},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {118},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {1025{\textendash}1044},
	issn = {21699003},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrf.20076},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrf.20076},
	author = {Nowicki, Sophie and Robert A. Bindschadler and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Andy Aschwanden and E. Bueler and Choi, Hyeungu and Fastook, Jim and Granzow, Glen and Greve, Ralf and Gutowski, Gail and Herzfeld, Ute and Jackson, Charles and Jesse V Johnson and Constantine Khroulev and Larour, Eric and Anders Levermann and Lipscomb, William H. and Maria A. Martin and Morlighem, Mathieu and Parizek, Byron R. and David Pollard and Stephen F. Price and Ren, Diandong and Eric Rignot and Fuyuki Saito and Tatsuru Sato and Seddik, Hakime and Seroussi, Helene and Takahashi, Kunio and Walker, Ryan and Wang, Wei Li}
}
@article {84,
	title = {A new inventory of mountain glaciers and ice caps for the Antarctic periphery},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {191-199},
	doi = {10.3189/2013AoG63A377},
	author = {Andrew Bliss and Regine Hock and J. Graham Cogley}
}
@article {132,
	title = {A Reconciled Estimate of Glacier Contributions to Sea Level Rise: 2003 to 2009},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {340},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {852-857},
	abstract = {Glaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets are losing large amounts of water to the world{\textquoteright}s oceans. However, estimates of their contribution to sea level rise disagree. We provide a consensus estimate by standardizing existing, and creating new, mass-budget estimates from satellite gravimetry and altimetry and from local glaciological records. In many regions, local measurements are more negative than satellite-based estimates. All regions lost mass during 2003{\textendash}2009, with the largest losses from Arctic Canada, Alaska, coastal Greenland, the southern Andes, and high-mountain Asia, but there was little loss from glaciers in Antarctica. Over this period, the global mass budget was {\textendash}259 {\textpm} 28 gigatons per year, equivalent to the combined loss from both ice sheets and accounting for 29 {\textpm} 13\% of the observed sea level rise.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1234532},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6134/852.abstract},
	author = {Alex S. Gardner and Geir Moholdt and J. Graham Cogley and Bert Wouters and Anthony A. Arendt and Wahr, John and Berthier, Etienne and Regine Hock and W. Tad Pfeffer and Georg Kaser and Ligtenberg, Stefan R. M. and Bolch, Tobias and Martin J. Sharp and Jon Ove Hagen and van den Broeke, Michiel R. and Paul, Frank}
}
@article {127,
	title = {Regional and global projections of twenty-first century glacier mass changes in response to climate scenarios from global climate models},
	journal = {Climate Dynamics},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1-22},
	keywords = {Global climate models, Projections of sea level rise, Regional and global glacier mass changes},
	issn = {0930-7575},
	doi = {10.1007/s00382-013-1719-7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1719-7},
	author = {Valentina Radi{\'c} and Andrew Bliss and Beedlow, A.Cody and Regine Hock and Miles, Evan and J. Graham Cogley}
}
@article {neff2012ice,
	title = {Ice-core net snow accumulation and seasonal snow chemistry at a temperate-glacier site: Mount Waddington, southwest British Columbia, Canada},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {58},
	number = {212},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1165{\textendash}1175},
	publisher = {International Glaciological Society},
	author = {Neff, Peter D and Steig, Eric J and Clark, Douglas H and McConnell, Joseph R and Pettit, Erin C and Menounos, Brian}
}
@article {peter2012ice,
	title = {Ice-core net snow accumulation and seasonal snow chemistry at a temperate-glacier site: Mount Waddington, southwest British Columbia, Canada},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {58},
	number = {212},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1165},
	author = {Peter, D and Steig, Eric J and Clark, Douglas H and McConnell, Joseph R and Erin, C}
}
@article {360,
	title = {Observing calving-generated ocean waves with coastal broadband seismometers, Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland},
	journal = {Annals Of Glaciology},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {79{\textendash}84},
	doi = {10.3189/2012/AoG60A200},
	author = {Amundson, J. M. and Clinton, John F and Fahnestock, M.A. and Truffer, M. and Motyka, Roman J. and L{\"u}thi, Martin P.}
}
@article {123,
	title = {Outlet glacier response to forcing over hourly to interannual timescales, Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1212},
	doi = {10.3189/2012JoG12J065},
	author = {Podrasky, David and Martin Truffer and Mark Fahnestock and Jason M Amundson and Cassotto, Ryan and Ian Joughin}
}
@article {dec,
	title = {Outlet glacier response to forcing over hourly to interannual timescales, Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland},
	journal = {J. Glaciol.},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2012},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {1212{\textendash}1226},
	issn = {00221430},
	doi = {10.3189/2012JoG12J065},
	url = {http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{\&}issn=0022-1430{\&}volume=58{\&}issue=212{\&}spage=1212},
	author = {Podrasky, David and Truffer, Martin and Fahnestock, Mark and Amundson, Jason M. and Cassotto, Ryan and Joughin, Ian}
}
@article {199,
	title = {Plate margin deformation and active tectonics along the northern edge of the Yakutat Terrane in the Saint Elias Orogen, Alaska, and Yukon, Canada},
	journal = {Geosphere},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1384-1407},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84873486244\&partnerID=40\&md5=6b0147233ff3aeb0e48bf9b253b6c6ec},
	author = {Bruhn, R.L. and Sauber, J. and Cotton, M.M. and Pavlis, T.L. and Evan W. Burgess and Ruppert, N. and Richard R. Forster}
}
@article {carmichael2012seismic,
	title = {Seismic multiplet response triggered by melt at Blood Falls, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface (2003{\textendash}2012)},
	volume = {117},
	number = {F3},
	year = {2012},
	author = {Carmichael, Joshua D and Erin C Pettit and Hoffman, Matt and Fountain, Andrew and Hallet, Bernard}
}
@article {76,
	title = {{Using surface velocities to calculate ice thickness and bed topography: a case study at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, USA}},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1151-1164},
	doi = {10.3189/2012JoG11J249},
	author = {R ~W McNabb and Regine Hock and Shad O'Neel and L ~A Rasmussen and Ahn, Y. and M Braun and H Conway and Herreid, S. and Ian Joughin and W. Tad Pfeffer and B ~E Smith and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {64,
	title = {Glossary of glacier mass balance and related terms},
	journal = {IHP-VII Technical Documents in Hydrology},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2011},
	author = {J. Graham Cogley and Regine Hock and L ~A Rasmussen and Anthony A. Arendt and Bauder, A. and Braithwaite, RJ and Jansson, P. and Georg Kaser and M{\"o}ller, M. and Nicholson, L. and others}
}
@article {198,
	title = {Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance 1870 to 2010 based on Twentieth Century Reanalysis, and links with global climate forcing},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855336557\&partnerID=40\&md5=9239bc453a5004bd7a1258a2aaa14f07},
	author = {Hanna, E. and Huybrechts, P. and Cappelen, J. and Steffen, K. and Bales, R.C. and Evan W. Burgess and McConnell, J.R. and Steffensen, J.P. and Van Den Broeke, M. and Wake, L. and Bigg, G. and Griffiths, M. and Savas, D.}
}
@article {155,
	title = {An increase in crevasse extent, West Greenland: Hydrologic implications},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {We compare high-resolution 1985 and 2009 imagery to assess changes in crevasse extent in the Sermeq Avannarleq ablation zone, West Greenland. The area occupied by crevasses >2 m wide significantly increased (13 {\textpm} 4\%) over the 24-year period. This increase consists of an expansion of existing crevasse fields, and is accompanied by widespread changes in crevasse orientation (up to 45{\textdegree}). We suggest that a combination of ice sheet thinning and steepening are responsible for the increase in crevasse extent. We examine the potential impact of this change on the hydrology of the ice sheet. We provide a first-order demonstration that moulin-type drainage is more efficient in transferring meltwater fluctuations to the subglacial system than crevasse-type drainage. As enhanced basal sliding is associated with meltwater {\textquotedblleft}pulses{\textquotedblright}, an increase in crevasse extent can therefore be expected to result in a net decrease in basal sliding sensitivity. An increase in crevasse extent may also accelerate cryo-hydrologic warming and enhance surface ablation.},
	keywords = {crevasses, Greenland, mass balance, velocity},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2011GL048491},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048491},
	author = {Colgan, William and Steffen, Konrad and McLamb, W. Scott and Waleed Abdalati and Rajaram, Harihar and Roman J. Motyka and Phillips, Thomas and Robert S Anderson}
}
@article {65,
	title = {Surface mass balance, thinning and iceberg production, Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 19482007},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {431{\textendash}440},
	author = {L ~A Rasmussen and H Conway and Krimmel, RM and Regine Hock}
}
@article {45,
	title = {Gravity measurements in southeastern Alaska reveal negative gravity rate of change caused by glacial isostatic adjustment},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {B12406},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JB007194},
	author = {Sun, W. and Miura, S. and Tatsuru Sato and Sugano, T. and Jeffrey T. Freymueller and Kaufman, M. and Chris F. Larsen and Cross, R. and Inazu, D.}
}
@article {51,
	title = {Recent and future warm extreme events and high-mountain slope stability},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	volume = {368},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {2435{\textendash}2459},
	doi = {10.1098/rsta.2010.0078},
	author = {Huggel, C. and Salzmann, N. and Allen, S. and Caplan-Auerbach, J. and L Fischer  and Haeberli, W. and Chris F. Larsen and Schneider, D. and Wessels, R.}
}
@article {54,
	title = {Results from the Ice-Sheet Model Intercomparison ProjectHeinrich Event INtercOmparison (ISMIP HEINO)},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {371-383},
	abstract = {Results from the Heinrich Event INtercOmparison (HEINO) topic of the Ice-Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (ISMIP) are presented. ISMIP HEINO was designed to explore internal large-scale ice-sheet instabilities in different contemporary ice-sheet models. These instabilities are of interest because they are a possible cause of Heinrich events. A simplified geometry experiment reproduces the main characteristics of the Laurentide ice sheet, including the sedimented region over Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait. The model experiments include a standard run plus seven variations. Nine dynamic/thermodynamic ice-sheet models were investigated; one of these models contains a combination of the shallow-shelf (SSA) and shallow-ice approximation (SIA), while the remaining eight models are of SIA type only. Seven models, including the SIA-SSA model, exhibit oscillatory surges with a period of \&$\#$8764;1000 years for a broad range of parameters, while two models remain in a permanent state of streaming for most parameter settings. In a number of models, the oscillations disappear for high surface temperatures, strong snowfall and small sediment sliding parameters. In turn, low surface temperatures and low snowfall are favourable for the ice-surge cycles. We conclude that further improvement of ice-sheet models is crucial for adequate, robust simulations of cyclic large-scale instabilities.},
	doi = {doi:10.3189/002214310792447789},
	url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2010/00000056/00000197/art00001},
	author = {Calov, Reinhard and Greve, Ralf and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and E. Bueler and Huybrechts, Philippe and Jesse V Johnson and Frank Pattyn and David Pollard and Ritz, Catherine and Fuyuki Saito and Tarasov, Lev}
}
@article {57,
	title = {Sky longwave radiation on tropical Andean glaciers: parameterization and sensitivity to atmospheric variables},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {854{\textendash}860},
	author = {Sicart, JE and Regine Hock and Ribstein, P. and Chazarin, J.P.}
}
@article {38,
	title = {Implications for the dynamic health of a glacier from comparison of conventional and reference-surface balances},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {25{\textendash}30},
	author = {Harrison, W. and Cox, LH and Regine Hock and March, RS and Erin C Pettit}
}
@article {18,
	title = {Distribution of snow accumulation on the Svartisen ice cap, Norway, assessed by a model of orographic precipitation},
	journal = {Hydrological Processes},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {3998{\textendash}4008},
	author = {Schuler, T.V. and Crochet, P. and Regine Hock and Jackson, M. and Barstad, I. and J{\'o}hannesson, T.}
}
@article {conway2005candidate,
	title = {Candidate drill site near the Ross-Amundsen ice divide, West Antarctica},
	journal = {DRAFT, Mar},
	year = {2005},
	author = {Conway, H and Neumann, TA and Stephen F. Price and Waddington, ED and Morse, D and Taylor, K and Mayewski, PA and Dixon, D and Erin C Pettit and Steig, EJ}
}
@article {174,
	title = {Exact solutions and numerical verification for isothermal ice sheets},
	journal = {J. Glaciol.},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {291{\textendash}306},
	doi = {10.3189/172756505781829449},
	url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2005/00000051/00000173/art00011},
	author = {E. Bueler and C. S. Lingle and J. A. Kallen-Brown and D. N. Covey and L. N. Bowman}
}
@article {conway2005proposed,
	title = {Proposed drill site near the Ross{\textendash}Amundsen ice divide, West Antarctica},
	journal = {White Paper for the US Ice Core Working Group},
	year = {2005},
	author = {Conway, H and Neumann, TA and Stephen F. Price and Waddington, ED and Morse, D and Taylor, K and Mayewski, PA and Dixon, D and Erin C Pettit and Steig, EJ}
}
