@article {Aschwanden2019,
	title = {{Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the next millennium}},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	volume = {5},
	number = {6},
	year = {2019},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {eaav9396},
	abstract = {The Greenland Ice Sheet holds 7.2 m of sea level equivalent and in recent decades, rising temperatures have led to accelerated mass loss. Current ice margin recession is led by the retreat of outlet glaciers, large rivers of ice ending in narrow fjords that drain the interior. We pair an outlet glacier{\textendash}resolving ice sheet model with a comprehensive uncertainty quantification to estimate Greenland{\textquoteright}s contribution to sea level over the next millennium. We find that Greenland could contribute 5 to 33 cm to sea level by 2100, with discharge from outlet glaciers contributing 8 to 45\% of total mass loss. Our analysis shows that uncertainties in projecting mass loss are dominated by uncertainties in climate scenarios and surface processes, whereas uncertainties in calving and frontal melt play a minor role. We project that Greenland will very likely become ice free within a millennium without substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.},
	issn = {2375-2548},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aav9396},
	url = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aav9396},
	author = {Aschwanden, Andy and Fahnestock, Mark A. and Truffer, Martin and Brinkerhoff, Douglas J. and Hock, Regine and Khroulev, Constantine and Mottram, Ruth and Khan, S. Abbas}
}
@article {333,
	title = {The Larsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA): Polar Systems Bound Together, Changing Fast},
	journal = {GSA Today},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {4{\textendash}10},
	abstract = {Climatic, cryospheric, and biologic changes taking place in the northern Antarctic Peninsula provide examples for how ongoing systemic change may pro- gress through the entire Antarctic system. A large, interdisciplinary research project focused on the Larsen Ice Shelf system, synthesized here, has documented dramatic ice cover, oceanographic, and ecosystem changes in the Antarctic Peninsula during the Holocene and the present period of rapid regional warming. The responsive- ness of the region results from its position in the climate and ocean system, in which a narrow continental block extends across zonal atmospheric and ocean flow, creating high snow accumulation, strong gradients and gyres, dynamic oceanography, outlet glaciers feeding into many fjords and bays having steep topography, and a continental shelf that contains many glacially carved troughs separated by areas of glacial sedi- ment accumulation. The microcosm of the northern Antarctic Peninsula has a ten- dency to change rapidly{\textemdash}rapid relative not just to Antarctica{\textquoteright}s mainland but compared to the rest of the planet as well{\textemdash}and it is generally warmer than the rest of Antarctica. Both its Holocene and modern glaciological retreats offer a picture of how larger areas of Antarctica farther south might change under future warming.},
	issn = {10525173},
	doi = {10.1130/gsatg382a.1},
	author = {Wellner, Julia and Scambos, Ted and Domack, Eugene and Vernet, Maria and Leventer, Amy and Balco, Greg and Brachfeld, Stefanie and Cape, Mattias and Huber, Bruce and Ishman, Scott and McCormick, Michael and Mosley-Thompson, Ellen and Pettit, Erin and Smith, Craig and Truffer, Martin and Van Dover, Cindy and Yoo, Kyu-Cheul}
}
@article {334,
	title = {Spatio-temporal variations in seasonal ice tongue submarine melt rate at a tidewater glacier in southwest Greenland},
	journal = {J. Glaciol.},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1{\textendash}8},
	keywords = {glacier calving, ice, ocean interactions, Remote sensing, subglacial processes},
	doi = {10.1017/jog.2019.27},
	author = {Moyer, A N and Nienow, P W and Gourmelen, N and Sole, A J and Truffer, M and Fahnestock, M and Slater, D A}
}
@article {335,
	title = {Tracking icebergs with time-lapse photography and sparse optical flow , LeConte Bay , Alaska , 2016 {\textendash} 2017},
	journal = {J. Glaciol.},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {195{\textendash}211},
	keywords = {glaciological instruments and methods, ice, icebergs, ocean interactions, Remote sensing},
	doi = {10.1017/jog.2018.105},
	author = {Kienholz, Christian and Amundson, Jason M and Motyka, Roman J and Jackson, Rebecca H and Mickett, John B and Sutherland, David A and Nash, Jonathan D and Winters, Dylan S and Dryer, William P and Truffer, Martin}
}
@article {Goelzer2018,
	title = {{Design and results of the ice sheet model initialisation experiments initMIP-Greenland: an ISMIP6 intercomparison}},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {2018},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {1433{\textendash}1460},
	abstract = {Abstract. Earlier large-scale Greenland ice sheet sea-level projections (e.g. those run during the ice2sea and SeaRISE initiatives) have shown that ice sheet initial conditions have a large effect on the projections and give rise to important uncertainties. The goal of this initMIP-Greenland intercomparison exercise is to compare, evaluate, and improve the initialisation techniques used in the ice sheet modelling community and to estimate the associated uncertainties in modelled mass changes. initMIP-Greenland is the first in a series of ice sheet model intercomparison activities within ISMIP6 (the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6), which is the primary activity within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) focusing on the ice sheets. Two experiments for the large-scale Greenland ice sheet have been designed to allow intercomparison between participating models of (1) the initial present-day state of the ice sheet and (2) the response in two idealised forward experiments. The forward experiments serve to evaluate the initialisation in terms of model drift (forward run without additional forcing) and in response to a large perturbation (prescribed surface mass balance anomaly); they should not be interpreted as sea-level projections. We present and discuss results that highlight the diversity of data sets, boundary conditions, and initialisation techniques used in the community to generate initial states of the Greenland ice sheet. We find good agreement across the ensemble for the dynamic response to surface mass balance changes in areas where the simulated ice sheets overlap but differences arising from the initial size of the ice sheet. The model drift in the control experiment is reduced for models that participated in earlier intercomparison exercises.},
	issn = {1994-0424},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-12-1433-2018},
	url = {https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/1433/2018/},
	author = {Goelzer, Heiko and Nowicki, Sophie and Edwards, Tamsin and Beckley, Matthew and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Aschwanden, Andy and Calov, Reinhard and Gagliardini, Olivier and Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien and Golledge, Nicholas R. and Gregory, Jonathan and Greve, Ralf and Humbert, Angelika and Huybrechts, Philippe and Kennedy, Joseph H. and Larour, Eric and Lipscomb, William H. and Le clec\&apos;h, S{\'e}bastien and Lee, Victoria and Morlighem, Mathieu and Pattyn, Frank and Payne, Antony J. and Rodehacke, Christian and R{\"u}ckamp, Martin and Saito, Fuyuki and Schlegel, Nicole and Seroussi, Helene and Shepherd, Andrew and Sun, Sainan and van de Wal, Roderik and Ziemen, Florian A.}
}
@article {Kiaer2018,
	title = {{A large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenland}},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	volume = {4},
	number = {11},
	year = {2018},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {eaar8173},
	abstract = {We report the discovery of a large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenland. From airborne radar surveys, we identify a 31-kilometer-wide, circular bedrock depression beneath up to a kilometer of ice. This depression has an elevated rim that cross-cuts tributary subglacial channels and a subdued central uplift that appears to be actively eroding. From ground investigations of the deglaciated foreland, we identify overprinted structures within Precambrian bedrock along the ice margin that strike tangent to the subglacial rim. Glaciofluvial sediment from the largest river draining the crater contains shocked quartz and other impact-related grains. Geochemical analysis of this sediment indicates that the impactor was a fractionated iron asteroid, which must have been more than a kilometer wide to produce the identified crater. Radiostratigraphy of the ice in the crater shows that the Holocene ice is continuous and conformable, but all deeper and older ice appears to be debris rich or heavily disturbed. The age of this impact crater is presently unknown, but from our geological and geophysical evidence, we conclude that it is unlikely to predate the Pleistocene inception of the Greenland Ice Sheet.},
	issn = {23752548},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aar8173},
	url = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/ http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aar8173},
	author = {Kj{\ae}r, Kurt H. and Larsen, Nicolaj K and Binder, Tobias and Bj{\o}rk, Anders A and Eisen, Olaf and Fahnestock, Mark A and Funder, Svend and Garde, Adam A and Haack, Henning and Helm, Veit and Houmark-Nielsen, Michael and Kjeldsen, Kristian K and Khan, Shfaqat A and Machguth, Horst and McDonald, Iain and Morlighem, Mathieu and Mouginot, J{\'e}r{\'e}mie and Paden, John D and Waight, Tod E and Weikusat, Christian and Willerslev, Eske and MacGregor, Joseph A.}
}
@article {apr,
	title = {Asynchronous behavior of outlet glaciers feeding Godth{\aa}bsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua) and the triggering of Narsap Sermia{\textquoteright}s retreat in SW Greenland},
	journal = {J. Glaciol.},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2017},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {288{\textendash}308},
	abstract = {We assess ice loss and velocity changes between 1985 and 2014 of three tidewater and five-land terminating glaciers in Godth{\aa}bsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua), Greenland. Glacier thinning accounted for 43.8 {\textpm} 0.2 km 3 of ice loss, equivalent to 0.10 mm eustatic sea-level rise. An additional 3.5 {\textpm} 0.3 km 3 was lost to the calving retreats of Kangiata Nunaata Sermia (KNS) and Narsap Sermia (NS), two tidewater glaciers that exhibited asynchronous behavior over the study period. KNS has retreated 22 km from its Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum (1761 AD), of which 0.8 km since 1985. KNS has stabilized in shallow water, but seasonally advects a 2 km long floating tongue. In contrast, NS began retreating from its LIA moraine in 2004{\textendash}06 (0.6 km), re-stabilized, then retreated 3.3 km during 2010{\textendash}14 into an over-deepened basin. Velocities at KNS ranged 5{\textendash}6 km a -1 , while at NS they increased from 1.5 to 5.5 km a -1 between 2004 and 2014. We present comprehensive analyses of glacier thinning, runoff, surface mass balance, ocean conditions, submarine melting, bed topography, ice m{\'e}lange and conclude that the 2010{\textendash}14 NS retreat was triggered by a combination of factors but primarily by an increase in submarine melting.},
	keywords = {glacier calving, glacier discharge, glacier mass balance, ice/atmosphere interactions, ice/ocean interactions, tidewater glaciers},
	issn = {0022-1430},
	doi = {10.1017/jog.2016.138},
	author = {Motyka, Roman J. and Cassotto, Ryan and Truffer, Martin and Kjeldsen, Kristian K. and Van As, Dirk and Korsgaard, Niels J. and Fahnestock, Mark and Howat, Ian and Langen, Peter L. and Mortensen, John and Lennert, Kunuk and Rysgaard, S{\o}ren}
}
@article {dec,
	title = {Error sources in basal yield stress inversions for Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland, derived from residual patterns of misfit to observations},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2017},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {999{\textendash}1011},
	abstract = {The basal interface of glaciers is generally not directly observable. Geophysical inverse methods are therefore used to infer basal parameters from surface observations. Such methods can also provide information about potential inadequacies of the forward model. Ideally an inverse problem can be regularized so that the differences between modeled and observed surface velocities reflect observational errors. However, deficiencies in the forward model usually result in additional errors. Here we use the spatial pattern of velocity residuals to discuss the main error sources for basal stress inversions for Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland. Synthetic tests with prescribed patterns of basal yield stress with varying length scales are then used to investigate different weighting functions for the data-model misfit and for the ability of the inversion to resolve details in basal yield stress. We also test real-data inversions for their sensitivities to prior estimate, forward model parameters, data gaps, and temperature fields. We find that velocity errors are not sufficient to explain the residual patterns of real-data inversions. Conversely, ice-geometry errors and especially simulated errors in model simplifications are capable of reproducing similar error patterns and magnitudes. We suggest that residual patterns can provide useful guidance for forward model improvements.},
	keywords = {glacier modeling, ice-sheet modeling, subglacial processes},
	issn = {0022-1430},
	doi = {10.1017/jog.2017.61},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143017000612/type/journal{\_}article},
	author = {Habermann, Marijke and Truffer, Martin and Maxwell, David}
}
@article {308,
	title = {Hypsometric control on glacier mass balance sensitivity in Alaska and northwest Canada},
	journal = {Earth{\textquoteright}s Future},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {Distribution, glaciers, hypsometry, mass balance, Modeling, modelling},
	issn = {2328-4277},
	doi = {10.1002/2016EF000479},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016EF000479},
	author = {McGrath, D. and Sass, L. and O{\textquoteright}Neel, S. and Arendt, A. and Kienholz, C.}
}
@article {Khan2016,
	title = {{Geodetic measurements reveal similarities between post-Last Glacial Maximum and present-day mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet}},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	volume = {2},
	number = {9},
	year = {2016},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {e1600931{\textendash}e1600931},
	issn = {2375-2548},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1600931},
	url = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1600931},
	author = {Khan, Shfaqat A and Sasgen, Ingo and Bevis, Michael and van Dam, T. and Bamber, Jonathan L and Wahr, John and Willis, Michael and Kjaer, K. H. and Wouters, Bert and Helm, Veit and Csatho, Beata and Fleming, Kevin and Bjork, A. A. and Aschwanden, Andy and Knudsen, Per and Munneke, Peter Kuipers}
}
@article {MacGregor2016,
	title = {{Holocene deceleration of the Greenland Ice Sheet}},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {351},
	number = {6273},
	year = {2016},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {590{\textendash}593},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.aab1702},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aab1702},
	author = {MacGregor, J. A. and Colgan, W. T. and Fahnestock, M. A. and Morlighem, M. and Catania, G. A. and Paden, J. D. and Gogineni, S. P.}
}
@article {Brinkerhoffetal2016,
	title = {Inversion of a glacier hydrology model},
	journal = {Ann. Glaciol.},
	volume = {57},
	number = {72},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {84{\textendash}95},
	doi = {10.1017/aog.2016.3},
	author = {D. J. Brinkerhoff and C. R. Meyer and E. Bueler and M. Truffer}
}
@article {309,
	title = {Modeling the evolution of the Juneau Icefield between 1971 and 2100 using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM)},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {199{\textendash}214},
	author = {Ziemen, Florian A and Hock, Regine and Aschwanden, Andy and Khroulev, Constantine and Kienholz, Christian and MELKONIAN, ANDREW and ZHANG, JING}
}
@article {Muresan2016,
	title = {{Modelled glacier dynamics over the last quarter of a century at Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}}},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {10},
	number = {2},
	year = {2016},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {597{\textendash}611},
	issn = {1994-0424},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-10-597-2016},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/597/2016/},
	author = {Muresan, Ioana S. and Khan, Shfaqat A. and Aschwanden, Andy and Khroulev, Constantine and Van Dam, Tonie and Bamber, Jonathan and van den Broeke, Michiel R. and Wouters, Bert and Kuipers Munneke, Peter and Kj{\ae}r, Kurt H.}
}
@article {MacGregor2016a,
	title = {{A synthesis of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	year = {2016},
	month = {jul},
	issn = {21699003},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JF003803},
	author = {MacGregor, Joseph A. and Fahnestock, Mark A. and Catania, Ginny A. and Aschwanden, Andy and Clow, Gary D. and Colgan, William T. and Gogineni, S. Prasad and Morlighem, Mathieu and Nowicki, Sophie M. J. and Paden, John D. and Price, Stephen F. and Seroussi, Helene}
}
@article {348,
	title = {The taphonomy of human remains in a glacial environment},
	journal = {Forensic Science International},
	volume = {261},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {161.e1{\textendash}161.e8},
	abstract = {A glacial environment is a unique setting that can alter human remains in characteristic ways. This study describes glacial dynamics and how glaciers can be understood as taphonomic agents. Using a case study of human remains recovered from Colony Glacier, Alaska, a glacial taphonomic signature is outlined that includes: (1) movement of remains, (2) dispersal of remains, (3) altered bone margins, (4) splitting of skeletal elements, and (5) extensive soft tissue preservation and adipocere formation. As global glacier area is declining in the current climate, there is the potential for more materials of archaeological and medicolegal significance to be exposed. It is therefore important for the forensic anthropologist to have an idea of the taphonomy in this setting and to be able to differentiate glacial effects from other taphonomic agents.},
	keywords = {Forensic anthropology, Glacial dynamics, Glacial movement, Glacial taphonomy},
	issn = {18726283},
	doi = {10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.027},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.027},
	author = {Pilloud, Marin A. and Megyesi, Mary S. and Truffer, Martin and Congram, Derek}
}
@article {Truffer2016,
	title = {{Where Glaciers Meet Water: Subaqueous Melt and its Relevance to Glaciers in Various Settings}},
	journal = {Reviews of Geophysics},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	keywords = {10.1002/2015RG000494 and glaciers, calving, melt, ocean},
	issn = {87551209},
	doi = {10.1002/2015RG000494},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015RG000494},
	author = {Truffer, M. and Motyka, Roman}
}
@article {282,
	title = {End-of-winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {1530{\textendash}1550},
	author = {McGrath, Daniel and Sass, Louis and O{\textquoteright}Neel, Shad and Arendt, Anthony and Wolken, Gabriel and Gusmeroli, Alessio and Kienholz, Christian and McNeil, Christopher}
}
@article {MacGregor2015b,
	title = {{Radar attenuation and temperature within the Greenland Ice Sheet}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {120},
	number = {6},
	year = {2015},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {983{\textendash}1008},
	issn = {21699003},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JF003418},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JF003418},
	author = {MacGregor, Joseph A. and Li, Jilu and Paden, John D and Catania, Ginny a and Clow, Gary D and Fahnestock, Mark A and Gogineni, S Prasad and Grimm, Robert E and Morlighem, Mathieu and Nandi, Soumyaroop and Seroussi, Helene and Stillman, David E}
}
@article {MacGregor2015,
	title = {{Radiostratigraphy and age structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {212{\textendash}241},
	keywords = {10.1002/2014JF003215 and Greenland Ice Sheet, ice core, ice-penetrating dynamics, ice-sheet dynamics},
	issn = {21699003},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JF003215},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JF003215},
	author = {MacGregor, Joseph A. and Fahnestock, Mark A. and Catania, Ginny A. and Paden, John D and Prasad Gogineni, S. and Young, S Keith and Rybarski, Susan C and Mabrey, Alexandria N and Wagman, Benjamin M and Morlighem, Mathieu}
}
@article {Fahnestock2015,
	title = {{Rapid large-area mapping of ice flow using Landsat 8}},
	journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {The Authors},
	abstract = {We report on the maturation of optical satellite-image-based ice velocity mapping over the ice sheets and large glacierized areas, enabled by the high radiometric resolution and internal geometric accuracy of Landsat 8{\textquoteright}s Operational Land Imager (OLI). Detailed large-area single-season mosaics and time-series maps of ice flow were created using data spanning June 2013 to June 2015. The 12-bit radiometric quantization and 15-m pixel scale resolution of OLI band 8 enable displacement tracking of subtle snow-drift patterns on ice sheet surfaces at $\sim$. 1. m precision. Ice sheet and snowfield snow-drift features persist for typically 16 to 64. days, and up to 432. days, depending primarily on snow accumulation rates. This results in spatially continuous mapping of ice flow, extending the mapping capability beyond crevassed areas. Our method uses image chip cross-correlation and sub-pixel peak-fitting in matching Landsat path/row pairs. High-pass filtering is applied to the imagery to enhance local surface texture. The current high image acquisition rates of Landsat 8 (725 scenes per day globally) reduces the impact of high cloudiness in polar and mountain terrain and allows rapid compilation of large areas, or dense temporal coverage of seasonal ice flow variations. The results rival the coverage and accuracy of interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) mapping.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, glaciers, Greenland, Ice flow, Landsat, Remote sensing},
	issn = {00344257},
	doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.023},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.023},
	author = {Fahnestock, Mark and Scambos, Ted and Moon, Twila and Gardner, Alex and Haran, Terry and Klinger, Marin}
}
@article {2015/10/29,
	title = {Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015/10/29},
	pages = {15865 - },
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep15865},
	author = {Jones, Benjamin M. and Grosse, Guido and Arp, Christopher D. and Miller, Eric and Liu, Lin and Hayes, Daniel J. and Larsen, Christopher F.}
}
@article {253,
	title = {Run-away thinning of the low elevation {Yakutat Glacier} and its sensitivity to climate change},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2015},
	doi = {10.3189/2015JoG14J125},
	author = {Truessel, Barbara and Martin Truffer and Regine Hock and Roman Motyka and Matthias Huss and Jing Zhang}
}
@article {05/2015,
	title = {Triggered Seismic Events along the Eastern Denali Fault in Northwest Canada Following the 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig, and Two Mw>8.5 Teleseismic Earthquakes},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2015},
	month = {05/2015},
	chapter = {1165},
	abstract = {We conduct a systematic search for remotely triggered seismic activity along the eastern Denali fault (EDF) in northwest Canada, an intraplate strike-slip region. We examine 19 distant earthquakes recorded by nine broadband stations in the Canadian National Seismograph Network and find that the 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig, Alaska, earthquakes triggered long duration (>10  s), emergent tremor-like signals near the southeastern portion of the EDF. In both cases, tremor coincides with the peak transverse velocities, consistent with Love-wave triggering on right-lateral strike-slip faults. The 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki and 2012 Mw 8.6 Indian Ocean earthquakes possibly triggered tremor signals, although we were unable to locate those sources. In addition, we also identify many short-duration (<5  s) bursts that were repeatedly triggered by the Rayleigh waves of the 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii earthquake. Although we were unable to precisely locate the short-duration (<5  s) events, they appear to be radiating from the direction of the Klutlan Glacier and from a belt of shallow historical seismicity at the eastern flank of the Wrangell{\textendash}St. Elias mountain range. The fact that these events were triggered solely by the Rayleigh waves suggests a different source mechanism as compared with triggered tremor observed along the EDF and other plate boundary regions. },
	doi = {10.1785/0120140156},
	url = {http://www.bssaonline.org/content/early/2015/04/08/0120140156.abstract},
	author = {Chastity Aiken and Jessica Zimmerman Mejia}
}
@article {301,
	title = {Variations in Alaska tidewater glacier frontal ablation, 1985{\textendash}2013},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {120{\textendash}136},
	keywords = {frontal ablation, glacier dynamics, glaciers, ice thickness},
	issn = {2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JF003276},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003276},
	author = {McNabb, R. W. and Hock, R. and Huss, M.}
}
@article {275,
	title = {Alaska National Park glaciers: what do they tell us about climate change?},
	journal = {Alaska Park Science},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {18{\textendash}25},
	author = {Loso, M.G. and Arendt, A. and Chris F. Larsen and Murphy, N. and Rich, J.}
}
@article {Jan-02-2014,
	title = {Alaska tidewater glacier terminus positions, 1948-2012},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {119},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-02-2014},
	pages = {153 - 167},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrf.v119.210.1002/2013JF002915},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrf.v119.2http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013JF002915},
	author = {R ~W McNabb and Hock, R.}
}
@article {205,
	title = {Coupled ice sheet{\textendash}climate modeling under glacial and pre-industrial boundary conditions},
	journal = {Climate of the Past},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1817-1836},
	chapter = {1817},
	abstract = {In the standard Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) experiments, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is modeled in quasi-equilibrium with atmosphere{\textendash}ocean{\textendash}vegetation general circulation models (AOVGCMs) with prescribed ice sheets. This can lead to inconsistencies between the modeled climate and ice sheets. One way to avoid this problem would be to model the ice sheets explicitly. Here, we present the first results from coupled ice sheet{\textendash}climate simulations for the pre-industrial times and the LGM. 

Our setup consists of the AOVGCM ECHAM5/MPIOM/LPJ bidirectionally coupled with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) covering the Northern Hemisphere. The results of the pre-industrial and LGM simulations agree reasonably well with reconstructions and observations. This shows that the model system adequately represents large, non-linear climate perturbations. 

A large part of the drainage of the ice sheets occurs in ice streams. Most modeled ice stream systems show recurring surges as internal oscillations. The Hudson Strait Ice Stream surges with an ice volume equivalent to about 5 m sea level and a recurrence interval of about 7000 yr. This is in agreement with basic expectations for Heinrich events. Under LGM boundary conditions, different ice sheet configurations imply different locations of deep water formation.
},
	doi = {10.5194/cp-10-1817-2014},
	url = {http://www.clim-past.net/10/1817/2014/cp-10-1817-2014.html},
	author = {Ziemen, F. A. and Rodehacke, C. B. and Mikolajewicz, U.}
}
@article {240,
	title = {The Randolph Glacier Inventory: a globally complete inventory of glaciers},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {537 - 552},
	doi = {10.3189/2014JoG13J176},
	author = {Pfeffer, W.T. and Arendt, A. and Bliss, A. and Bolch, T. and Cogley, G. and Gardner, A. and Hagen, J-O., and Hock, R. and Kaser, G and Kienholz, C. and Miles, E. and Moholdt, G. and M{\"o}lg, N. and Paul, F. and Radi{\'c}, V. and Rastner, P. and Raup, B. and Rich, J. and Sharp, M.}
}
@article {Adalgeirsdottir2014,
	title = {{Role of model initialization for projections of 21st-century Greenland ice sheet mass loss}},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {60},
	number = {222},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {782{\textendash}794},
	keywords = {ice and climate, ice-sheet modeling},
	issn = {00221430},
	doi = {10.3189/2014JoG13J202},
	url = {http://www.igsoc.org/journal/60/222/t13j202.html},
	author = {A{\dh}algeirsd{\'o}ttir, Gu{\dh}finna and Aschwanden, Andy and Khroulev, Constantine and Boberg, Frederik and Mottram, Ruth and Lucas-Picher, P.}
}
@article {254,
	title = {Variations in {Alaska} tidewater glacier frontal ablation, 1985{\textendash}2013},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {frontal ablation, glacier dynamics, ice thickness},
	issn = {2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JF003276},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003276},
	author = {McNabb, R. W. and Hock, R. and Huss, M.}
}
@article {135,
	title = {Analysis of a GRACE global mascon solution for Gulf of Alaska glaciers},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {913-924},
	doi = {10.3189/2013JoG12J197},
	author = {Anthony A. Arendt and Scott B Luthcke and Alex S. Gardner and Shad O'Neel and D. Hill and Geir Moholdt and Waleed Abdalati}
}
@article {124,
	title = {Antarctica, Greenland and Gulf of Alaska land-ice evolution from an iterated GRACE global mascon solution},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {613{\textendash}631},
	doi = {10.3189/2013JoG12J147},
	author = {Scott B Luthcke and Sabaka, TJ and Loomis, BD and Anthony A. Arendt and J J McCarthy and Camp, J}
}
@article {2013/08/01,
	title = {Challenges to Understanding the Dynamic Response of Greenland{\textquoteright}s Marine Terminating Glaciers to Oceanic and Atmospheric Forcing},
	journal = {Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013/08/01},
	pages = {1131 - 1144},
	doi = {10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00100.1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00100.1},
	author = {Straneo, Fiammetta and Heimbach, Patrick and Sergienko, Olga and Hamilton, Gordon and Catania, Ginny and Griffies, Stephen and Hallberg, Robert and Jenkins, Adrian and Joughin, Ian and Motyka, Roman and Pfeffer, W. Tad and Stephen F. Price and Eric Rignot and Scambos, Ted and Martin Truffer and Vieli, Andreas}
}
@article {11/2013,
	title = {Changing basal conditions during the speed-up of Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2013},
	month = {11/2013},
	pages = {1679{\textendash}1692},
	author = {Habermann, M and Martin Truffer and Maxwell, D}
}
@article {SeariseAntarctica2013,
	title = {{Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project I: Antarctica}},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {118},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1002{\textendash}1024},
	issn = {21699003},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrf.20081},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrf.20081},
	author = {Nowicki, Sophie and Robert A. Bindschadler and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Andy Aschwanden and E. Bueler and Choi, Hyeungu and Fastook, Jim and Granzow, Glen and Greve, Ralf and Gutowski, Gail and Herzfeld, Ute and Jackson, Charles and Jesse V Johnson and Constantine Khroulev and Larour, Eric and Anders Levermann and Lipscomb, William H. and Maria A. Martin and Morlighem, Mathieu and Parizek, Byron R. and David Pollard and Stephen F. Price and Ren, Diandong and Eric Rignot and Fuyuki Saito and Tatsuru Sato and Seddik, Hakime and Seroussi, Helene and Takahashi, Kunio and Walker, Ryan and Wang, Wei Li}
}
@article {SeariseGreenland2013,
	title = {{Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project II: Greenland}},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {118},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {1025{\textendash}1044},
	issn = {21699003},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrf.20076},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrf.20076},
	author = {Nowicki, Sophie and Robert A. Bindschadler and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Andy Aschwanden and E. Bueler and Choi, Hyeungu and Fastook, Jim and Granzow, Glen and Greve, Ralf and Gutowski, Gail and Herzfeld, Ute and Jackson, Charles and Jesse V Johnson and Constantine Khroulev and Larour, Eric and Anders Levermann and Lipscomb, William H. and Maria A. Martin and Morlighem, Mathieu and Parizek, Byron R. and David Pollard and Stephen F. Price and Ren, Diandong and Eric Rignot and Fuyuki Saito and Tatsuru Sato and Seddik, Hakime and Seroussi, Helene and Takahashi, Kunio and Walker, Ryan and Wang, Wei Li}
}
@article {167,
	title = {Low-frequency radar sounding of temperate ice masses in Southern Alaska},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {We present the Warm Ice Sounding Explorer (WISE), a low-frequency (2.5 MHz) radar for the sounding of temperate ice. WISE deployment in southern Alaska in 2008 and 2012 provides comprehensive measurements of glacier thickness, reveals deep valleys beneath glaciers and the full extent of zones grounded below sea level. The east branch of Columbia Glacier is deeper that its main branch and remains below sea level 20 km farther inland. Ice is 1000 m deep on Tazlina Glacier. On Bering glacier, two sills separate three deep bed depressions (>1200 m) that coincide with the dynamic balance lines during surges. The piedmont lobe of Malaspina Glacier and the lower reaches of Hubbard Glacier are entirely grounded below sea level 40 and 10 km, respectively, from their termini. Knowledge of ice thickness in these regions helps better understand their glacier dynamics, mass balance, and impact on sea level.},
	keywords = {Alaska, bed topography, glaciology, mass balance, radar, thickness},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1002/2013GL057452},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL057452},
	author = {Eric Rignot and Mouginot, J. and Chris F. Larsen and Gim, Y. and Kirchner, D.}
}
@article {120,
	title = {Mass balance in the Glacier Bay area of Alaska, USA, and British Columbia, Canada, 1995{\textendash}2011, using airborne laser altimetry},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {632{\textendash}648},
	doi = {10.3189/2013JoG12J101},
	author = {Johnson, Austin J and Chris F. Larsen and Murphy, Nathaniel and Anthony A. Arendt and Zirnheld, S Lee}
}
@article {152,
	title = {Rapid Submarine Melting Driven by Subglacial Discharge, LeConte Glacier, Alaska},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2013},
	abstract = {We show that subglacial freshwater discharge is the principal process driving high rates of submarine melting at tidewater glaciers. This buoyant discharge draws in warm seawater, entraining it in a turbulent upwelling flow along the submarine face that melts glacier ice. To capture the effects of subglacial discharge on submarine melting, we conducted 4 days of hydrographic transects during late summer 2012 at LeConte Glacier, Alaska. A major rainstorm allowed us to document the influence of large changes in subglacial discharge. We found strong submarine melt fluxes that increased from 9.1 {\textpm} 1.0 to 16.8 {\textpm} 1.3 m d-1 (ice face equivalent frontal ablation) as a result of the rainstorm. With projected continued global warming and increased glacial runoff, our results highlight the direct impact that increases in subglacial discharge will have on tidewater outlet systems. These effects must be considered when modeling glacier response to future warming and increased runoff.},
	keywords = {frontal ablation, submarine melting, tidewater glaciers},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1002/grl.51011},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.51011},
	author = {Roman J. Motyka and Dryer, W. P. and Jason M Amundson and Martin Truffer and Mark Fahnestock}
}
@article {357,
	title = {Rapid thinning of lake-calving Yakutat Glacier and the collapse of the Yakutat Icefield, southeast Alaska, USA},
	journal = {J. Glaciol.},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {149{\textendash}161},
	issn = {00221430},
	doi = {10.3189/2013J0G12J081},
	url = {http://www.igsoc.org/journal/59/213/t12J081.html},
	author = {Tr{\"u}ssel, Barbara L. and Motyka, Roman J. and Truffer, M. and Larsen, C. F.}
}
@article {132,
	title = {A Reconciled Estimate of Glacier Contributions to Sea Level Rise: 2003 to 2009},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {340},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {852-857},
	abstract = {Glaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets are losing large amounts of water to the world{\textquoteright}s oceans. However, estimates of their contribution to sea level rise disagree. We provide a consensus estimate by standardizing existing, and creating new, mass-budget estimates from satellite gravimetry and altimetry and from local glaciological records. In many regions, local measurements are more negative than satellite-based estimates. All regions lost mass during 2003{\textendash}2009, with the largest losses from Arctic Canada, Alaska, coastal Greenland, the southern Andes, and high-mountain Asia, but there was little loss from glaciers in Antarctica. Over this period, the global mass budget was {\textendash}259 {\textpm} 28 gigatons per year, equivalent to the combined loss from both ice sheets and accounting for 29 {\textpm} 13\% of the observed sea level rise.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1234532},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6134/852.abstract},
	author = {Alex S. Gardner and Geir Moholdt and J. Graham Cogley and Bert Wouters and Anthony A. Arendt and Wahr, John and Berthier, Etienne and Regine Hock and W. Tad Pfeffer and Georg Kaser and Ligtenberg, Stefan R. M. and Bolch, Tobias and Martin J. Sharp and Jon Ove Hagen and van den Broeke, Michiel R. and Paul, Frank}
}
@article {127,
	title = {Regional and global projections of twenty-first century glacier mass changes in response to climate scenarios from global climate models},
	journal = {Climate Dynamics},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1-22},
	keywords = {Global climate models, Projections of sea level rise, Regional and global glacier mass changes},
	issn = {0930-7575},
	doi = {10.1007/s00382-013-1719-7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1719-7},
	author = {Valentina Radi{\'c} and Andrew Bliss and Beedlow, A.Cody and Regine Hock and Miles, Evan and J. Graham Cogley}
}
@article {153,
	title = {On the seasonal freshwater stratification in the proximity of fast-flowing tidewater outlet glaciers in a sub-Arctic sill fjord},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1382{\textendash}1395},
	abstract = {The Greenland Ice Sheet releases large amounts of freshwater into the fjords around Greenland and many fjords are in direct contact with the ice sheet through tidewater outlet glaciers. Here we present the first seasonal hydrographic observations from the inner part of a sub-Arctic fjord, relatively close to and within 4{\textendash}50 km of a fast-flowing tidewater outlet glacier. This region is characterized by a dense glacial and sea ice cover. Freshwater from runoff, subglacial freshwater (SgFW) discharge, glacial, and sea ice melt are observed above 50{\textendash}90 m depth. During summer, SgFW and subsurface glacial melt mixed with ambient water are observed as a layered structure in the temperature profiles below the low-saline summer surface layer (<7 m). During winter, the upper water column is characterized by stepwise halo- and thermoclines formed by mixing between deeper layers and the surface layer influenced by ice melt. The warm (T > 1{\textdegree}C) intermediate water mass is a significant subsurface heat source for ice melt. We analyze the temperature and salinity profiles observed in late summer with a thermodynamic mixing model and determine the total freshwater content in the layer below the summer surface layer to be between 5\% and 11\%. The total freshwater contribution in this layer from melted glacial ice was estimated to be 1{\textendash}2\%, while the corresponding SgFW was estimated to be 3{\textendash}10\%. The winter measurements in the subsurface halocline layer showed a total freshwater content of about 1\% and no significant contribution from SgFW.},
	keywords = {fjord, freshwater sources and their distribution, Greenland Ice Sheet, subglacial freshwater fraction model, subsurface heat sources for glacial ice melt, tidewater outlet glaciers},
	issn = {2169-9291},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrc.20134},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20134},
	author = {Mortensen, J. and Bendtsen, J. and Roman J. Motyka and Lennert, K. and Martin Truffer and Mark Fahnestock and Rysgaard, S.}
}
@article {201,
	title = {Southeast Greenland high accumulation rates derived from firn cores and ground-penetrating radar},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {322-332},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84881651457\&partnerID=40\&md5=6aa824682a2fef9009d445649f72c298},
	author = {Mi{\`e}ge, C. and Richard R. Forster and Box, J.E. and Evan W. Burgess and McConnell, J.R. and Pasteris, D.R. and Spikes, V.B.}
}
@article {121,
	title = {Accelerated contributions of Canada{\textquoteright}s Baffin and Bylot Island glaciers to sea level rise over the past half century},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1103{\textendash}1125},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-6-1103-2012},
	author = {Alex S. Gardner and Geir Moholdt and Anthony A. Arendt and Bert Wouters}
}
@article {zagorodnov2012borehole,
	title = {Borehole temperatures reveal details of 20th century warming at Bruce Plateau, Antarctic Peninsula},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {6},
	number = {3},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {675{\textendash}686},
	publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
	author = {Zagorodnov, V and Nagornov, O and Scambos, TA and Muto, A and Mosley-Thompson, E and Erin C Pettit and Tyuflin, S}
}
@article {59,
	title = {Gravity and uplift rates observed in southeast Alaska and their comparison with GIA model predictions},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {B01401},
	author = {Tatsuru Sato and Miura, S. and Sun, W. and Sugano, T. and Jeffrey T. Freymueller and Chris F. Larsen and Ohta, Y. and Fujimoto, H. and Inazu, D. and Roman J. Motyka}
}
@article {peter2012ice,
	title = {Ice-core net snow accumulation and seasonal snow chemistry at a temperate-glacier site: Mount Waddington, southwest British Columbia, Canada},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {58},
	number = {212},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1165},
	author = {Peter, D and Steig, Eric J and Clark, Douglas H and McConnell, Joseph R and Erin, C}
}
@article {neff2012ice,
	title = {Ice-core net snow accumulation and seasonal snow chemistry at a temperate-glacier site: Mount Waddington, southwest British Columbia, Canada},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {58},
	number = {212},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1165{\textendash}1175},
	publisher = {International Glaciological Society},
	author = {Neff, Peter D and Steig, Eric J and Clark, Douglas H and McConnell, Joseph R and Pettit, Erin C and Menounos, Brian}
}
@article {11/2011,
	title = {Mountain Glaciers and ice caps},
	number = {xii},
	year = {2012},
	month = {11/2011},
	pages = {538},
	institution = {Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)},
	address = {Oslo, Norway},
	isbn = {978-82-7971-071-4},
	author = {Martin J. Sharp and M. Ananicheva and Anthony A. Arendt and Jon Ove Hagen and Regine Hock and E. Josberger and R. D. Moore and W. Tad Pfeffer and G. J. Wolken}
}
@article {360,
	title = {Observing calving-generated ocean waves with coastal broadband seismometers, Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland},
	journal = {Annals Of Glaciology},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {79{\textendash}84},
	doi = {10.3189/2012/AoG60A200},
	author = {Amundson, J. M. and Clinton, John F and Fahnestock, M.A. and Truffer, M. and Motyka, Roman J. and L{\"u}thi, Martin P.}
}
@article {77,
	title = {Reconstruction of basal properties in ice sheets using iterative inverse methods},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {795{\textendash}807},
	author = {Habermann, M. and Maxwell, D. and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {76,
	title = {{Using surface velocities to calculate ice thickness and bed topography: a case study at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, USA}},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1151-1164},
	doi = {10.3189/2012JoG11J249},
	author = {R ~W McNabb and Regine Hock and Shad O'Neel and L ~A Rasmussen and Ahn, Y. and M Braun and H Conway and Herreid, S. and Ian Joughin and W. Tad Pfeffer and B ~E Smith and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {63,
	title = {Climatic mass balance of the ice cap Vestfonna, Svalbard: A spatially distributed assessment using ERA-Interim and MODIS data},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {F03009},
	doi = {10.1029/2010JF001905},
	author = {M{\"o}ller, M. and Finkelnburg, R. and M Braun and Regine Hock and Ulf Jonsell and Pohjola, V.A. and Scherer, D. and Schneider, C.}
}
@article {154,
	title = {A complex relationship between calving glaciers and climate},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {305{\textendash}306},
	abstract = {Many terrestrial glaciers are sensitive indicators of past and present climate change as atmospheric temperature and snowfall modulate glacier volume. However, climate interpretations based on glacier behavior require careful selection of representative glaciers, as was recently pointed out for surging and debris-covered glaciers, whose behavior often defies regional glacier response to climate [Yde and Paasche, 2010]. Tidewater calving glaciers (TWGs){\textemdash}mountain glaciers whose termini reach the sea and are generally grounded on the seafloor{\textemdash}also fall into the category of non-representative glaciers because the regional-scale asynchronous behavior of these glaciers clouds their complex relationship with climate. TWGs span the globe; they can be found both fringing ice sheets and in high-latitude regions of each hemisphere. TWGs are known to exhibit cyclic behavior, characterized by slow advance and rapid, unstable retreat, largely independent of short-term climate forcing. This so-called TWG cycle, first described by Post [1975], provides a solid foundation upon which modern investigations of TWG stability are built. Scientific understanding has developed rapidly as a result of the initial recognition of their asynchronous cyclicity, rendering greater insight into the hierarchy of processes controlling regional behavior. This has improved the descriptions of the strong dynamic feedbacks present during retreat, the role of the ocean in TWG dynamics, and the similarities and differences between TWG and ice sheet outlet glaciers that can often support floating tongues.},
	keywords = {climate, glaciers},
	issn = {2324-9250},
	doi = {10.1029/2011EO370001},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO370001},
	author = {Post, Austin and Shad O'Neel and Roman J. Motyka and Streveler, Gregory}
}
@article {pettit2011crossover,
	title = {The crossover stress, anisotropy and the ice flow law at Siple Dome, West Antarctica},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {57},
	number = {201},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {39{\textendash}52},
	publisher = {International Glaciological Society},
	author = {Erin C Pettit and Waddington, Edwin D and Harrison, William D and Thorsteinsson, Throstur and Elsberg, Daniel and Morack, John and Zumberge, Mark A}
}
@article {64,
	title = {Glossary of glacier mass balance and related terms},
	journal = {IHP-VII Technical Documents in Hydrology},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2011},
	author = {J. Graham Cogley and Regine Hock and L ~A Rasmussen and Anthony A. Arendt and Bauder, A. and Braithwaite, RJ and Jansson, P. and Georg Kaser and M{\"o}ller, M. and Nicholson, L. and others}
}
@article {198,
	title = {Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance 1870 to 2010 based on Twentieth Century Reanalysis, and links with global climate forcing},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855336557\&partnerID=40\&md5=9239bc453a5004bd7a1258a2aaa14f07},
	author = {Hanna, E. and Huybrechts, P. and Cappelen, J. and Steffen, K. and Bales, R.C. and Evan W. Burgess and McConnell, J.R. and Steffensen, J.P. and Van Den Broeke, M. and Wake, L. and Bigg, G. and Griffiths, M. and Savas, D.}
}
@article {155,
	title = {An increase in crevasse extent, West Greenland: Hydrologic implications},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {We compare high-resolution 1985 and 2009 imagery to assess changes in crevasse extent in the Sermeq Avannarleq ablation zone, West Greenland. The area occupied by crevasses >2 m wide significantly increased (13 {\textpm} 4\%) over the 24-year period. This increase consists of an expansion of existing crevasse fields, and is accompanied by widespread changes in crevasse orientation (up to 45{\textdegree}). We suggest that a combination of ice sheet thinning and steepening are responsible for the increase in crevasse extent. We examine the potential impact of this change on the hydrology of the ice sheet. We provide a first-order demonstration that moulin-type drainage is more efficient in transferring meltwater fluctuations to the subglacial system than crevasse-type drainage. As enhanced basal sliding is associated with meltwater {\textquotedblleft}pulses{\textquotedblright}, an increase in crevasse extent can therefore be expected to result in a net decrease in basal sliding sensitivity. An increase in crevasse extent may also accelerate cryo-hydrologic warming and enhance surface ablation.},
	keywords = {crevasses, Greenland, mass balance, velocity},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2011GL048491},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048491},
	author = {Colgan, William and Steffen, Konrad and McLamb, W. Scott and Waleed Abdalati and Rajaram, Harihar and Roman J. Motyka and Phillips, Thomas and Robert S Anderson}
}
@article {72,
	title = {The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK)-Part 2: Dynamic equilibrium simulation of the Antarctic ice sheet},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {727-740},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-5-727-2011},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/727/2011/tc-5-727-2011.html},
	author = {Maria A. Martin and Winkelmann, R. and Haseloff, M. and Albrecht, T. and E. Bueler and Constantine Khroulev and Anders Levermann}
}
@article {71,
	title = {The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK){\textendash}Part 1: Model description},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {715{\textendash}726},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-5-715-2011},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/715/2011/tc-5-715-2011.html},
	author = {Winkelmann, R. and Maria A. Martin and Haseloff, M. and Albrecht, T. and E. Bueler and Constantine Khroulev and Anders Levermann}
}
@article {46,
	title = {Reevaluation of the viscoelastic and elastic responses to the past and present-day ice changes in Southeast Alaska},
	journal = {Tectonophysics},
	volume = {511},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {79{\textendash}88},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2010.05.009},
	author = {Tatsuru Sato and Chris F. Larsen and Miura, S. and Ohta, Y. and Fujimoto, H. and Sun, W. and Roman J. Motyka and Jeffrey T. Freymueller}
}
@article {60,
	title = {Submarine melting of the 1985 Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae} floating tongue and the triggering of the current retreat},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {F01007},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JF001632},
	author = {Roman J. Motyka and Martin Truffer and Mark Fahnestock and Mortensen, J. and Rysgaard, S. and I M Howat}
}
@article {45,
	title = {Gravity measurements in southeastern Alaska reveal negative gravity rate of change caused by glacial isostatic adjustment},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {B12406},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JB007194},
	author = {Sun, W. and Miura, S. and Tatsuru Sato and Sugano, T. and Jeffrey T. Freymueller and Kaufman, M. and Chris F. Larsen and Cross, R. and Inazu, D.}
}
@article {56,
	title = {Ice m{\'e}lange dynamics and implications for terminus stability, Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {F01005},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JF001405},
	author = {Jason M Amundson and Mark Fahnestock and Martin Truffer and Brown, J. and M P L{\"u}thi and Roman J. Motyka}
}
@article {197,
	title = {A spatially calibrated model of annual accumulation rate on the Greenland Ice Sheet (1958-2007)},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2010},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77951082793\&partnerID=40\&md5=a6430b7a7a93a85254e4f44589f3b0f4},
	author = {Evan W. Burgess and Richard R. Forster and Box, J.E. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Bromwich, D.H. and Bales, R.C. and Smith, L.C.}
}
@article {53,
	title = {Tectonic block motion and glacial isostatic adjustment in southeast Alaska and adjacent Canada constrained by GPS measurements},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {B09407},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JB007139},
	author = {Elliott, J.L. and Chris F. Larsen and Jeffrey T. Freymueller and Roman J. Motyka}
}
@article {55,
	title = {Using L-band SAR coherence to delineate glacier extent},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {186{\textendash}195},
	author = {D K Atwood and Meyer, F. and Anthony A. Arendt}
}
@article {Gusmeroli2010,
	title = {{Vertical distribution of water within the polythermal Storglaci{\"a}ren, Sweden}},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {115},
	number = {F4},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1{\textendash}14},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JF001539},
	url = {http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2010/2009JF001539.shtml},
	author = {Alessio Gusmeroli and Murray, T. and Jansson, P. and Pettersson, R. and Andy Aschwanden and Booth, A. D.}
}
@article {49,
	title = {Volume change of Jakobshavn Isbrae, West Greenland:: 198519972007},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {635{\textendash}646},
	url = {http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article\&issn=0022-1430\&volume=56\&issue=198\&spage=635},
	author = {Roman J. Motyka and Mark Fahnestock and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {37,
	title = {Accurate ocean tide modeling in southeast Alaska and large tidal dissipation around Glacier Bay},
	journal = {Journal of oceanography},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {335{\textendash}347},
	author = {Inazu, D. and Tatsuru Sato and Miura, S. and Ohta, Y. and Nakamura, K. and Fujimoto, H. and Chris F. Larsen and Higuchi, T.}
}
@article {38,
	title = {Implications for the dynamic health of a glacier from comparison of conventional and reference-surface balances},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {25{\textendash}30},
	author = {Harrison, W. and Cox, LH and Regine Hock and March, RS and Erin C Pettit}
}
@article {39,
	title = {Iterative methods for solving a nonlinear boundary inverse problem in glaciology},
	journal = {Journal of Inverse and Ill-posed Problems},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {239{\textendash}258},
	url = {http://www.reference-global.com/doi/abs/10.1515/JIIP.2},
	author = {Avdonin, S. and Kozlov, V. and Maxwell, D. and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {33,
	title = {Terminus dynamics at an advancing glacier: Taku Glacier, Alaska},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1052{\textendash}1060},
	url = {http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article\&issn=0022-1430\&volume=55\&issue=194\&spage=1052},
	author = {Martin Truffer and Roman J. Motyka and Hekkers, M. and I M Howat and King, M.A.}
}
@article {Pattyn2008,
	title = {{Benchmark experiments for higher-order and full Stokes ice sheet models (ISMIP-HOM)}},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {95{\textendash}108},
	author = {Frank Pattyn and Perichon, L. and Andy Aschwanden and Breuer, B. and de Smedt, B. and Gagliardini, O. and Gudmundsson, G. H. and Hindmarsh, R. C. A. and Hubbard, A. L. and Jesse V Johnson and Kleiner, T. and Konovalov, Y. and Martin, C. and Payne, A. J. and David Pollard and Stephen F. Price and M R{\"u}ckamp and Fuyuki Saito and Sou{\v c}ek, O. and Sugiyama, S. and Zwinger, T.}
}
@article {31,
	title = {Correspondence: Another surge of Variegated Glacier, Alaska, USA, 2003/04},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {192-200},
	doi = {doi:10.3189/002214308784409134},
	url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2008/00000054/00000184/art00019},
	author = {Harrison, W. and Roman J. Motyka and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {19,
	title = {Earth tides observed by gravity and GPS in southeastern Alaska},
	journal = {Journal of Geodynamics},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {78{\textendash}89},
	author = {Tatsuru Sato and Miura, S. and Ohta, Y. and Fujimoto, H. and Sun, W. and Chris F. Larsen and Heavner, M. and Kaufman, AM and Jeffrey T. Freymueller}
}
@article {32,
	title = {Glacier, fjord, and seismic response to recent large calving events, Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {L22501},
	url = {http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008GL035281.shtml},
	author = {Jason M Amundson and Martin Truffer and M P L{\"u}thi and Mark Fahnestock and West, M. and Roman J. Motyka}
}
@article {29,
	title = {Ice-front variation and tidewater behavior on Helheim and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, Greenland},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {F01004},
	url = {http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2007JF000837.shtml},
	author = {Ian Joughin and I M Howat and Alley, R.B. and Ekstrom, G. and Mark Fahnestock and Moon, T. and Nettles, M. and Martin Truffer and Tsai, V.C.}
}
@article {Joughin2008a,
	title = {{Ice-front variation and tidewater behavior on Helheim and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, Greenland}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {113},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {1{\textendash}11},
	abstract = {We used satellite images to examine the calving behavior ofHelheim and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, Greenland, from 2001 to 2006, a period in which they retreated and speed up. These data show that many large iceberge-calving episodes coincided with teleseismically detected glacial erthquakes, suggesting that calving-related processes are the source of seismicity. For each of several events for which we hace observations, the ice front calved back to a large, pre-existing rift. These refits form where the ice has thinned to near flotation as the ice front retreats down back side of a bathymetric high, which agrees well with earlier theoretical predictions. In adition to recent retreat in a period of high temperature, analysis of several images shows that Helhaim retreated in the 20th Century during a warmer period and then re-adcanced during a subsequent cooler period. This apparent sensitivity to waming suggests that higher temperatures may promote an initial retread off a bathymetric high that is then sustained by tidewater dynamics as the ice front retreats into depper water. The cycle of frontal advance and retreat in less than a century indicates that tidewater glaciers in Greenland can advance rapidly. Greenland{\textquoteright}s larger resorvoir of inland ice and conditions that favor the formation of ice shelves likely contribute to the rapid rates of advance.},
	isbn = {0148-0227},
	issn = {21699011},
	doi = {10.1029/2007JF000837},
	url = {http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2007JF000837.shtml},
	author = {Joughin, Ian and Howat, Ian and Alley, Richard B. and Ekstrom, Goran and Fahnestock, Mark and Moon, Twila and Nettles, Meredith and Truffer, Martin and Tsai, Victor C.}
}
@article {24,
	title = {An iterative scheme for determining glacier velocities and stresses},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {888{\textendash}898},
	url = {http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article\&issn=0022-1430\&volume=54\&issue=188\&spage=888},
	author = {Maxwell, D. and Martin Truffer and Avdonin, S. and Stuefer, M.}
}
@article {26,
	title = {Recent glacier mass changes in the Gulf of Alaska region from GRACE mascon solutions},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {767{\textendash}777},
	author = {Scott B Luthcke and Anthony A. Arendt and Rowlands, D.D. and J J McCarthy and Chris F. Larsen}
}
@article {20,
	title = {Seasonal fluctuations in the advance of a tidewater glacier and potential causes: Hubbard Glacier, Alaska, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {401{\textendash}411},
	url = {http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article\&issn=0022-1430\&volume=54\&issue=186\&spage=401},
	author = {Ritchie, J.B. and C S Lingle and Roman J. Motyka and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {27,
	title = {Seasonality of snow accumulation at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {273{\textendash}278},
	url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2008/00000054/00000185/art00008},
	author = {Kanamori, S. and Benson, C.S. and Martin Truffer and Matoba, S. and Solie, D.J. and Shiraiwa, T.}
}
@article {15,
	title = {Flotation and retreat of a lake-calving terminus, Mendenhall Glacier, southeast Alaska, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {211{\textendash}224},
	author = {Boyce, E.S. and Roman J. Motyka and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {7,
	title = {Glacier changes in southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia and contribution to sea level rise},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {F01007},
	author = {Chris F. Larsen and Roman J. Motyka and Anthony A. Arendt and Echelmeyer, K.A. and Geissler, P.E.}
}
@article {16,
	title = {Glaciervolcano interactions in the North Crater of Mt Wrangell, Alaska},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {48{\textendash}57},
	author = {Benson, C.S. and Roman J. Motyka and McNUTT, S. and M P L{\"u}thi and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {5,
	title = {Hubbard Glacier, Alaska: 2002 closure and outburst of Russell Fjord and postflood conditions at Gilbert Point},
	journal = {Journal of geophysical research},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {F02004},
	author = {Roman J. Motyka and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {tremblay2007ocean,
	title = {Ocean acoustic effects of explosions on land: Evaluation of Cook Inlet beluga whale habitability},
	journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	volume = {122},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {3002{\textendash}3002},
	publisher = {Acoustical Society of America},
	author = {Tremblay, Sara K and Anderson, Thomas S and Pettit, Erin C and Scheifele, Peter M and Potty, Gopu R and Miller, James H}
}
@article {6,
	title = {Post Little Ice Age Glacial Rebound in Glacier Bay National Park and Surrounding Areas},
	journal = {Alaska Park Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {36{\textendash}41},
	author = {Roman J. Motyka and Chris F. Larsen and Jeffrey T. Freymueller and Echelmeyer, K.A.}
}
@article {364,
	title = {Episodic reactivation of large-scale push moraines in front of the advancing Taku Glacier, Alaska},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {{\textendash}01009},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2005JF000385},
	url = {http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2006/2005JF000385.shtml},
	author = {Kuriger, Elsbeth Maria and Truffer, M. and Motyka, Roman J. and Bucki, Adam K.}
}
@article {dec,
	title = {Rapid erosion of soft sediments by tidewater glacier advance: Taku Glacier, Alaska, USA},
	journal = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2006},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {1{\textendash}5},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2006GL028467},
	url = {http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2006/2006GL028467.shtml},
	author = {Motyka, Roman J. and Truffer, M. and Kuriger, Elsbeth Maria and Bucki, Adam K.}
}
@article {conway2005candidate,
	title = {Candidate drill site near the Ross-Amundsen ice divide, West Antarctica},
	journal = {DRAFT, Mar},
	year = {2005},
	author = {Conway, H and Neumann, TA and Stephen F. Price and Waddington, ED and Morse, D and Taylor, K and Mayewski, PA and Dixon, D and Erin C Pettit and Steig, EJ}
}
@article {conway2005proposed,
	title = {Proposed drill site near the Ross{\textendash}Amundsen ice divide, West Antarctica},
	journal = {White Paper for the US Ice Core Working Group},
	year = {2005},
	author = {Conway, H and Neumann, TA and Stephen F. Price and Waddington, ED and Morse, D and Taylor, K and Mayewski, PA and Dixon, D and Erin C Pettit and Steig, EJ}
}
@article {sep,
	title = {Record negative glacier balances and low velocities during the 2004 heatwave in Alaska, USA: implications for the interpretation of observations by Zwally and others in Greenland},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2005},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {663{\textendash}664},
	issn = {0022-1430},
	doi = {10.3189/172756505781829016},
	url = {http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{\&}issn=0022-1430{\&}volume=51{\&}issue=175{\&}spage=663 https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S002214300021085X/type/journal{\_}article},
	author = {Truffer, Martin and Harrison, W.D. and March, R.S.}
}
@article {elsberg2004depth,
	title = {Depth-and time-dependent vertical strain rates at Siple Dome, Antarctica},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {50},
	number = {171},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {511{\textendash}521},
	publisher = {International Glaciological Society},
	author = {Elsberg, Daniel H and Harrison, William D and Zumberge, Mark A and Morack, John L and Erin C Pettit and Waddington, Edward D and Husmann, Eric}
}
@article {zumberge2002measurement,
	title = {Measurement of vertical strain and velocity at Siple Dome, Antarctica, with optical sensors},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {48},
	number = {161},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {217{\textendash}225},
	publisher = {International Glaciological Society},
	author = {Zumberge, Mark A and Elsberg, Daniel H and Harrison, William D and Husmann, Eric and Morack, John L and Erin C Pettit and Waddington, Edwin D}
}
@article {oh1999analysis,
	title = {Analysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped Ta 2 O 5{\textendash}Al 2 O 3{\textendash}SiO 2 optical fiber},
	journal = {Journal of non-crystalline solids},
	volume = {259},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {10{\textendash}15},
	publisher = {North-Holland},
	author = {Oh, Kyunghwan Pettit, Erin and Kilian, A and Morse, TF}
}
@article {oh1999analysis,
	title = {Analysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped Ta 2 O 5{\textendash}Al 2 O 3{\textendash}SiO 2 optical fiber},
	journal = {Journal of non-crystalline solids},
	volume = {259},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {10{\textendash}15},
	publisher = {North-Holland},
	author = {Oh, Kyunghwan and Pettit, Erin and Kilian, A and Morse, TF}
}
@article {oh1999analysis,
	title = {Analysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped Ta 2 O 5{\textendash}Al 2 O 3{\textendash}SiO 2 optical fiber},
	journal = {Journal of non-crystalline solids},
	volume = {259},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {10{\textendash}15},
	publisher = {North-Holland},
	author = {Oh, Kyunghwan and Kilian, A and Morse, TF}
}
@article {oh1999analysis,
	title = {Analysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped Ta< sub> 2</sub> O< sub> 5</sub>{\textendash}Al< sub> 2</sub> O< sub> 3</sub>{\textendash}SiO< sub> 2</sub> optical fiber},
	journal = {Journal of non-crystalline solids},
	volume = {259},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {10{\textendash}15},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	author = {Oh, Kyunghwan and Kilian, A and Morse, TF}
}
@article {373,
	title = {Subglacial drilling at Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A : drilling method and sample descriptions},
	journal = {J. Glaciol.},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {495{\textendash}505},
	author = {Truffer, M. and Motyka, Roman J. and Harrison, W.D. and Echelmeyer, K. A. and Fisk, B. and Tulaczyk, S.}
}
@article {oh1999thermal,
	title = {Thermal effects on the excited state absorption and upconversion process of erbium ions in germanosilicate optical fiber},
	journal = {Journal of non-crystalline solids},
	volume = {259},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {51{\textendash}56},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	author = {Oh, Kyunghwan and Morse, TF}
}
@article {oh1999thermal,
	title = {Thermal effects on the excited state absorption and upconversion process of erbium ions in germanosilicate optical fiber},
	journal = {Journal of non-crystalline solids},
	volume = {259},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {51{\textendash}56},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	author = {Pettit, Erin and Simpson, Jay and Oh, Kyunghwan and Morse, TF}
}
@article {Kamb1994a,
	title = {{Mechanical and hydrologic basis for the rapid motion of a large tidewater glacier: 2. Interpretation}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {99},
	number = {B8},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {15231},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/94JB00467},
	url = {http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1994/94JB00467.shtml http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/94JB00467},
	author = {Kamb, Barclay and Engelhardt, Hermann and Fahnestock, Mark A. and Humphrey, Neil and Meier, Mark and Stone, Dan}
}
@article {156,
	title = {Hazard assessment of the Tidal Inlet landslide and potential subsequent tsunami, Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska},
	journal = {Landslides},
	volume = {4},
	pages = {205-215},
	abstract = {An unstable rock slump, estimated at 5 to 10\&$\#$8201;{\texttimes}\&$\#$8201;10<sup xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">6</sup> m<sup xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/">3</sup>, lies perched above the northern shore of Tidal Inlet in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. This landslide mass has the potential to rapidly move into Tidal Inlet and generate large, long-period-impulse tsunami waves. Field and photographic examination revealed that the landslide moved between 1892 and 1919 after the retreat of the Little Ice Age glaciers from Tidal Inlet in 1890. Global positioning system measurements over a 2-year period show that the perched mass is presently moving at 3\&$\#$8211;4 cm annually indicating the landslide remains unstable. Numerical simulations of landslide-generated waves suggest that in the western arm of Glacier Bay, wave amplitudes would be greatest near the mouth of Tidal Inlet and slightly decrease with water depth according to Green\&$\#$8217;s law. As a function of time, wave amplitude would be greatest within approximately 40 min of the landslide entering water, with significant wave activity continuing for potentially several hours.},
	doi = {doi:10.1007/s10346-007-0084-1},
	url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/10346/2007/00000004/00000003/00000084},
	author = {Wieczorek, Gerald and Geist, Eric and Roman J. Motyka and Jakob, Matthias}
}
@article {157,
	title = {Hubbard Glacier update: another closure of Russell Fiord in the making?},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	pages = {562-564},
	doi = {doi:10.3189/002214308785837066},
	url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2008/00000054/00000186/art00020},
	author = {Roman J. Motyka and Lawson, Daniel and Finnegan, David and Kalli, George and Molnia, Bruce and Anthony A. Arendt}
}
