@article {336,
	title = {Circumpolar Deep Water Impacts Glacial Meltwater Export and Coastal Biogeochemical Cycling Along the West Antarctic Peninsula},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1{\textendash}23},
	keywords = {Antarctic Peninsula, ice, meltwater, phytoplankton},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00144},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00144/full},
	author = {Cape, Mattias R. and Vernet, Maria and Pettit, Erin C. and Wellner, Julia and Truffer, Martin and Akie, Garrett and Domack, Eugene and Leventer, Amy and Smith, Craig R. and Huber, Bruce A.}
}
@article {Aschwanden2019,
	title = {{Contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet to sea level over the next millennium}},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	volume = {5},
	number = {6},
	year = {2019},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {eaav9396},
	abstract = {The Greenland Ice Sheet holds 7.2 m of sea level equivalent and in recent decades, rising temperatures have led to accelerated mass loss. Current ice margin recession is led by the retreat of outlet glaciers, large rivers of ice ending in narrow fjords that drain the interior. We pair an outlet glacier{\textendash}resolving ice sheet model with a comprehensive uncertainty quantification to estimate Greenland{\textquoteright}s contribution to sea level over the next millennium. We find that Greenland could contribute 5 to 33 cm to sea level by 2100, with discharge from outlet glaciers contributing 8 to 45\% of total mass loss. Our analysis shows that uncertainties in projecting mass loss are dominated by uncertainties in climate scenarios and surface processes, whereas uncertainties in calving and frontal melt play a minor role. We project that Greenland will very likely become ice free within a millennium without substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.},
	issn = {2375-2548},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aav9396},
	url = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aav9396},
	author = {Aschwanden, Andy and Fahnestock, Mark A. and Truffer, Martin and Brinkerhoff, Douglas J. and Hock, Regine and Khroulev, Constantine and Mottram, Ruth and Khan, S. Abbas}
}
@article {333,
	title = {The Larsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA): Polar Systems Bound Together, Changing Fast},
	journal = {GSA Today},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {4{\textendash}10},
	abstract = {Climatic, cryospheric, and biologic changes taking place in the northern Antarctic Peninsula provide examples for how ongoing systemic change may pro- gress through the entire Antarctic system. A large, interdisciplinary research project focused on the Larsen Ice Shelf system, synthesized here, has documented dramatic ice cover, oceanographic, and ecosystem changes in the Antarctic Peninsula during the Holocene and the present period of rapid regional warming. The responsive- ness of the region results from its position in the climate and ocean system, in which a narrow continental block extends across zonal atmospheric and ocean flow, creating high snow accumulation, strong gradients and gyres, dynamic oceanography, outlet glaciers feeding into many fjords and bays having steep topography, and a continental shelf that contains many glacially carved troughs separated by areas of glacial sedi- ment accumulation. The microcosm of the northern Antarctic Peninsula has a ten- dency to change rapidly{\textemdash}rapid relative not just to Antarctica{\textquoteright}s mainland but compared to the rest of the planet as well{\textemdash}and it is generally warmer than the rest of Antarctica. Both its Holocene and modern glaciological retreats offer a picture of how larger areas of Antarctica farther south might change under future warming.},
	issn = {10525173},
	doi = {10.1130/gsatg382a.1},
	author = {Wellner, Julia and Scambos, Ted and Domack, Eugene and Vernet, Maria and Leventer, Amy and Balco, Greg and Brachfeld, Stefanie and Cape, Mattias and Huber, Bruce and Ishman, Scott and McCormick, Michael and Mosley-Thompson, Ellen and Pettit, Erin and Smith, Craig and Truffer, Martin and Van Dover, Cindy and Yoo, Kyu-Cheul}
}
@article {337,
	title = {Non-linear glacier response to calving events, Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {39{\textendash}54},
	abstract = {Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, a tidewater glacier that produces some of Greenland{\textquoteright}s largest icebergs and highest speeds, reached record-high flow rates in 2012 (Joughin and others, 2014). We use terrestrial radar interferometric observations from August 2012 to characterize the events that led to record-high flow. We find that the highest speeds occurred in response to a small calving retreat, while several larger calving events produced negligible changes in glacier speed. This non-linear response to calving events suggests the terminus was close to flotation and therefore highly sensitive to terminus position. Our observations indicate that a glacier{\textquoteright}s response to calving is a consequence of two competing feedbacks: (1) an increase in strain rates that leads to dynamic thinning and faster flow, thereby promoting destabilization, and (2) an increase in flow rates that advects thick ice toward the terminus and promotes restabilization. The competition between these feedbacks depends on temporal and spatial variations in the glacier{\textquoteright}s proximity to flotation. This study highlights the importance of dynamic thinning and advective processes on tidewater glacier stability, and further suggests the latter may be limiting the current retreat due to the thick ice that occupies Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}{\textquoteright}s retrograde bed.},
	keywords = {calving, dynamic thinning, Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, terrestrial radar interferometry, tidewater glaciers},
	issn = {00221430},
	doi = {10.1017/jog.2018.90},
	author = {Cassotto, Ryan and Fahnestock, Mark and Amundson, Jason M. and Truffer, Martin and Boettcher, Margaret S. and De La Pe{\~n}a, Santiago and Howat, Ian}
}
@article {Goelzer2018,
	title = {{Design and results of the ice sheet model initialisation experiments initMIP-Greenland: an ISMIP6 intercomparison}},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {2018},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {1433{\textendash}1460},
	abstract = {Abstract. Earlier large-scale Greenland ice sheet sea-level projections (e.g. those run during the ice2sea and SeaRISE initiatives) have shown that ice sheet initial conditions have a large effect on the projections and give rise to important uncertainties. The goal of this initMIP-Greenland intercomparison exercise is to compare, evaluate, and improve the initialisation techniques used in the ice sheet modelling community and to estimate the associated uncertainties in modelled mass changes. initMIP-Greenland is the first in a series of ice sheet model intercomparison activities within ISMIP6 (the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6), which is the primary activity within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) focusing on the ice sheets. Two experiments for the large-scale Greenland ice sheet have been designed to allow intercomparison between participating models of (1) the initial present-day state of the ice sheet and (2) the response in two idealised forward experiments. The forward experiments serve to evaluate the initialisation in terms of model drift (forward run without additional forcing) and in response to a large perturbation (prescribed surface mass balance anomaly); they should not be interpreted as sea-level projections. We present and discuss results that highlight the diversity of data sets, boundary conditions, and initialisation techniques used in the community to generate initial states of the Greenland ice sheet. We find good agreement across the ensemble for the dynamic response to surface mass balance changes in areas where the simulated ice sheets overlap but differences arising from the initial size of the ice sheet. The model drift in the control experiment is reduced for models that participated in earlier intercomparison exercises.},
	issn = {1994-0424},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-12-1433-2018},
	url = {https://www.the-cryosphere.net/12/1433/2018/},
	author = {Goelzer, Heiko and Nowicki, Sophie and Edwards, Tamsin and Beckley, Matthew and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Aschwanden, Andy and Calov, Reinhard and Gagliardini, Olivier and Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien and Golledge, Nicholas R. and Gregory, Jonathan and Greve, Ralf and Humbert, Angelika and Huybrechts, Philippe and Kennedy, Joseph H. and Larour, Eric and Lipscomb, William H. and Le clec\&apos;h, S{\'e}bastien and Lee, Victoria and Morlighem, Mathieu and Pattyn, Frank and Payne, Antony J. and Rodehacke, Christian and R{\"u}ckamp, Martin and Saito, Fuyuki and Schlegel, Nicole and Seroussi, Helene and Shepherd, Andrew and Sun, Sainan and van de Wal, Roderik and Ziemen, Florian A.}
}
@article {Kiaer2018,
	title = {{A large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenland}},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	volume = {4},
	number = {11},
	year = {2018},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {eaar8173},
	abstract = {We report the discovery of a large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenland. From airborne radar surveys, we identify a 31-kilometer-wide, circular bedrock depression beneath up to a kilometer of ice. This depression has an elevated rim that cross-cuts tributary subglacial channels and a subdued central uplift that appears to be actively eroding. From ground investigations of the deglaciated foreland, we identify overprinted structures within Precambrian bedrock along the ice margin that strike tangent to the subglacial rim. Glaciofluvial sediment from the largest river draining the crater contains shocked quartz and other impact-related grains. Geochemical analysis of this sediment indicates that the impactor was a fractionated iron asteroid, which must have been more than a kilometer wide to produce the identified crater. Radiostratigraphy of the ice in the crater shows that the Holocene ice is continuous and conformable, but all deeper and older ice appears to be debris rich or heavily disturbed. The age of this impact crater is presently unknown, but from our geological and geophysical evidence, we conclude that it is unlikely to predate the Pleistocene inception of the Greenland Ice Sheet.},
	issn = {23752548},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aar8173},
	url = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/ http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aar8173},
	author = {Kj{\ae}r, Kurt H. and Larsen, Nicolaj K and Binder, Tobias and Bj{\o}rk, Anders A and Eisen, Olaf and Fahnestock, Mark A and Funder, Svend and Garde, Adam A and Haack, Henning and Helm, Veit and Houmark-Nielsen, Michael and Kjeldsen, Kristian K and Khan, Shfaqat A and Machguth, Horst and McDonald, Iain and Morlighem, Mathieu and Mouginot, J{\'e}r{\'e}mie and Paden, John D and Waight, Tod E and Weikusat, Christian and Willerslev, Eske and MacGregor, Joseph A.}
}
@article {Roth2018,
	title = {{Modeling Winter Precipitation Over the Juneau Icefield, Alaska, Using a Linear Model of Orographic Precipitation}},
	journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
	volume = {6},
	number = {March},
	year = {2018},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {1{\textendash}19},
	keywords = {Alaska, downscaling, glacier mass balance, Juneau Icefield, Modeling, orographic precipitation, snow accumulation},
	issn = {2296-6463},
	doi = {10.3389/feart.2018.00020},
	url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2018.00020/full},
	author = {Roth, Aurora and Hock, Regine and Schuler, Thomas V. and Bieniek, Peter A. and Pelto, Mauri and Aschwanden, Andy}
}
@article {344,
	title = {Acquisition of a 3 min, two-dimensional glacier velocity field with terrestrial radar interferometry},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {1{\textendash}8},
	abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}Outlet glaciers undergo rapid spatial and temporal changes in flow velocity during calving events. Observing such changes requires both high temporal and high spatial resolution methods, something now possible with terrestrial radar interferometry. While a single such radar provides line-of-sight velocity, two radars define both components of the horizontal flow field. To assess the feasibility of obtaining the two-dimensional (2-D) flow field, we deployed two terrestrial radar interferometers at Jakobshavn Isbrae, a major outlet glacier on Greenland{\textquoteright}s west coast, in the summer of 2012. Here, we develop and demonstrate a method to combine the line-of-sight velocity data from two synchronized radars to produce a 2-D velocity field from a single (3 min) interferogram. Results are compared with the more traditional feature-tracking data obtained from the same radar, averaged over a longer period. We demonstrate the potential and limitations of this new dual-radar approach for obtaining high spatial and temporal resolution 2-D velocity fields at outlet glaciers.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
	keywords = {glacier flow, glacier geophysics, glaciological instruments and methods},
	issn = {0022-1430},
	doi = {10.1017/jog.2017.28},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143017000284/type/journal{\_}article},
	author = {Voytenko, Denis and Dixon, Timothy H. and Holland, David M. and Cassotto, Ryan and Howat, Ian M. and Fahnestock, Mark A. and Truffer, Martin and De La Pe{\~n}a, Santiago}
}
@article {apr,
	title = {Asynchronous behavior of outlet glaciers feeding Godth{\aa}bsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua) and the triggering of Narsap Sermia{\textquoteright}s retreat in SW Greenland},
	journal = {J. Glaciol.},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2017},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {288{\textendash}308},
	abstract = {We assess ice loss and velocity changes between 1985 and 2014 of three tidewater and five-land terminating glaciers in Godth{\aa}bsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua), Greenland. Glacier thinning accounted for 43.8 {\textpm} 0.2 km 3 of ice loss, equivalent to 0.10 mm eustatic sea-level rise. An additional 3.5 {\textpm} 0.3 km 3 was lost to the calving retreats of Kangiata Nunaata Sermia (KNS) and Narsap Sermia (NS), two tidewater glaciers that exhibited asynchronous behavior over the study period. KNS has retreated 22 km from its Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum (1761 AD), of which 0.8 km since 1985. KNS has stabilized in shallow water, but seasonally advects a 2 km long floating tongue. In contrast, NS began retreating from its LIA moraine in 2004{\textendash}06 (0.6 km), re-stabilized, then retreated 3.3 km during 2010{\textendash}14 into an over-deepened basin. Velocities at KNS ranged 5{\textendash}6 km a -1 , while at NS they increased from 1.5 to 5.5 km a -1 between 2004 and 2014. We present comprehensive analyses of glacier thinning, runoff, surface mass balance, ocean conditions, submarine melting, bed topography, ice m{\'e}lange and conclude that the 2010{\textendash}14 NS retreat was triggered by a combination of factors but primarily by an increase in submarine melting.},
	keywords = {glacier calving, glacier discharge, glacier mass balance, ice/atmosphere interactions, ice/ocean interactions, tidewater glaciers},
	issn = {0022-1430},
	doi = {10.1017/jog.2016.138},
	author = {Motyka, Roman J. and Cassotto, Ryan and Truffer, Martin and Kjeldsen, Kristian K. and Van As, Dirk and Korsgaard, Niels J. and Fahnestock, Mark and Howat, Ian and Langen, Peter L. and Mortensen, John and Lennert, Kunuk and Rysgaard, S{\o}ren}
}
@article {313,
	title = {Diagnosing the decline in climatic mass balance of glaciers in Svalbard over 1957{\textendash}2014},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {191{\textendash}215},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-11-191-2017},
	url = {https://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/191/2017/},
	author = {{\O}stby, T. I. and Schuler, T. V. and Hagen, J. O. and Hock, R. and Kohler, J. and Reijmer, C. H.}
}
@article {dec,
	title = {Error sources in basal yield stress inversions for Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland, derived from residual patterns of misfit to observations},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2017},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {999{\textendash}1011},
	abstract = {The basal interface of glaciers is generally not directly observable. Geophysical inverse methods are therefore used to infer basal parameters from surface observations. Such methods can also provide information about potential inadequacies of the forward model. Ideally an inverse problem can be regularized so that the differences between modeled and observed surface velocities reflect observational errors. However, deficiencies in the forward model usually result in additional errors. Here we use the spatial pattern of velocity residuals to discuss the main error sources for basal stress inversions for Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland. Synthetic tests with prescribed patterns of basal yield stress with varying length scales are then used to investigate different weighting functions for the data-model misfit and for the ability of the inversion to resolve details in basal yield stress. We also test real-data inversions for their sensitivities to prior estimate, forward model parameters, data gaps, and temperature fields. We find that velocity errors are not sufficient to explain the residual patterns of real-data inversions. Conversely, ice-geometry errors and especially simulated errors in model simplifications are capable of reproducing similar error patterns and magnitudes. We suggest that residual patterns can provide useful guidance for forward model improvements.},
	keywords = {glacier modeling, ice-sheet modeling, subglacial processes},
	issn = {0022-1430},
	doi = {10.1017/jog.2017.61},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143017000612/type/journal{\_}article},
	author = {Habermann, Marijke and Truffer, Martin and Maxwell, David}
}
@article {312,
	title = {Glacier Changes in the Susitna Basin, Alaska, USA,(1951{\textendash}2015) using GIS and Remote Sensing Methods},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {478},
	author = {Wastlhuber, Roland and Hock, Regine and Kienholz, Christian and Braun, Matthias}
}
@article {310,
	title = {Grand Challenges in Cryospheric Sciences: Toward Better Predictability of Glaciers, Snow and Sea Ice},
	journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {64},
	issn = {2296-6463},
	doi = {10.3389/feart.2017.00064},
	url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2017.00064},
	author = {Hock, Regine and Hutchings, Jennifer K. and Lehning, Michael}
}
@article {311,
	title = {Mass Balance Evolution of Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, 1980{\textendash}2100, and Its Implications for Surge Recurrence},
	journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {56},
	abstract = {Surge-type Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, has undergone strong retreat since it last surged in 1936-37. To assess its evolution during the late 20th and 21st centuries and determine potential implications for surge likelihood, we run a simplified glacier model over the periods 1980-2015 (hindcasting) and 2015-2100 (forecasting). The model is forced by daily temperature and precipitation fields, with downscaled reanalysis data used for the hindcasting. A constant climate scenario and an RCP 8.5 scenario based on the GFDL-CM3 climate model are employed for the forecasting. Debris evolution is accounted for by a debris layer time series derived from satellite imagery (hindcasting) and a parametrized debris evolution model (forecasting). A retreat model accounts for the evolution of the glacier geometry. Model calibration, validation and parametrization rely on an extensive set of in situ and remotely sensed observations. To explore uncertainties in our projections, we run the glacier model in a Monte Carlo fashion, varying key model parameters and input data within plausible ranges. Our results for the hindcasting period indicate a negative mass balance trend, caused by atmospheric warming in the summer, precipitation decrease in the winter and surface elevation lowering (climate-elevation feedback), which exceed the moderating effects from increasing debris cover and glacier retreat. Without the 2002 rockslide deposits on Black Rapids{\textquoteright} lower reaches, the mass balances would be more negative, by ~20\% between the 2003 and 2015 mass-balance years. Despite its retreat, Black Rapids Glacier is substantially out of balance with the current climate. By 2100, ~8\% of Black Rapids{\textquoteright} 1980 area are projected to vanish under the constant climate scenario and ~73\% under the RCP 8.5 scenario. For both scenarios, the remaining glacier portions are out of balance, suggesting continued retreat after 2100. Due to mass starvation, a surge in the 21st century is unlikely. The projected retreat will affect the glacier{\textquoteright}s runoff and change the landscape in the Black Rapids area markedly.},
	issn = {2296-6463},
	doi = {10.3389/feart.2017.00056},
	url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2017.00056},
	author = {Kienholz, Christian and Hock, Regine and Truffer, Martin and Bieniek, Peter and Lader, Richard}
}
@article {jan,
	title = {Sub-ice-shelf sediments record history of twentieth-century retreat of Pine Island Glacier},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {541},
	year = {2017},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {77{\textendash}80},
	abstract = {The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is one of the largest potential sources of rising sea levels. Over the past 40 years, glaciers flowing into the Amundsen Sea sector of the ice sheet have thinned at an accelerating rate, and several numerical models suggest that unstable and irreversible retreat of the grounding line{\textemdash}which marks the boundary between grounded ice and floating ice shelf{\textemdash}is underway. Understanding this recent retreat requires a detailed knowledge of grounding-line history, but the locations of the grounding line before the advent of satellite monitoring in the 1990s are poorly dated. In particular, a history of grounding-line retreat is required to understand the relative roles of contemporaneous ocean-forced change and of ongoing glacier response to an earlier perturbation in driving ice-sheet loss. Here we show that the present thinning and retreat of Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica is part of a climatically forced trend that was triggered in the 1940s. Our conclusions arise from analysis of sediment cores recovered beneath the floating Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, and constrain the date at which the grounding line retreated from a prominent seafloor ridge. We find that incursion of marine water beyond the crest of this ridge, forming an ocean cavity beneath the ice shelf, occurred in 1945 ({\textpm}12 years); final ungrounding of the ice shelf from the ridge occurred in 1970 ({\textpm}4 years). The initial opening of this ocean cavity followed a period of strong warming of West Antarctica, associated with El Ni{\~n}o activity. Thus our results suggest that, even when climate forcing weakened, ice-sheet retreat continued.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, Pine Island glacier},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature20136},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature20136{\%}5Cnhttp://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature20136 http://www.nature.com/articles/nature20136},
	author = {Smith, J. A. and Andersen, T. J. and Shortt, M. and Gaffney, A. M. and Truffer, Martin and Stanton, T P and Bindschadler, Robert and Dutrieux, Pierre and Jenkins, Adrian and Hillenbrand, C.-D. and Ehrmann, Werner and Corr, H. F. J. and Farley, N. and Crowhurst, S. and Vaughan, David G.}
}
@article {349,
	title = {Automated detection of unstable glacier flow and a spectrum of speedup behavior in the Alaska Range},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {64{\textendash}81},
	keywords = {automated detection, debris cover, pulse-type glaciers, spectrum of glacier flow instabilities, surge-type glaciers},
	issn = {21699011},
	doi = {10.1002/2015JF003502},
	author = {Herreid, Sam and Truffer, Martin}
}
@article {306,
	title = {Geodetic mass balance of surge-type Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, 1980{\textendash}2001{\textendash}2010, including role of rockslide deposition and earthquake displacement},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	year = {2016},
	author = {Kienholz, C and Hock, R and Truffer, M and Arendt, A and Arko, S}
}
@article {Khan2016,
	title = {{Geodetic measurements reveal similarities between post-Last Glacial Maximum and present-day mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet}},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	volume = {2},
	number = {9},
	year = {2016},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {e1600931{\textendash}e1600931},
	issn = {2375-2548},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1600931},
	url = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1600931},
	author = {Khan, Shfaqat A and Sasgen, Ingo and Bevis, Michael and van Dam, T. and Bamber, Jonathan L and Wahr, John and Willis, Michael and Kjaer, K. H. and Wouters, Bert and Helm, Veit and Csatho, Beata and Fleming, Kevin and Bjork, A. A. and Aschwanden, Andy and Knudsen, Per and Munneke, Peter Kuipers}
}
@article {309,
	title = {Modeling the evolution of the Juneau Icefield between 1971 and 2100 using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM)},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {199{\textendash}214},
	author = {Ziemen, Florian A and Hock, Regine and Aschwanden, Andy and Khroulev, Constantine and Kienholz, Christian and MELKONIAN, ANDREW and ZHANG, JING}
}
@article {oct,
	title = {Sensitivity of Pine Island Glacier to observed ocean forcing},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2016},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {10,817{\textendash}10,825},
	abstract = {{\textcopyright}2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.We present subannual observations (2009{\textendash}2014) of a major West Antarctic glacier (Pine Island Glacier) and the neighboring ocean. Ongoing glacier retreat and accelerated ice flow were likely triggered a few decades ago by increased ocean-induced thinning, which may have initiated marine ice sheet instability. Following a subsequent 60{\%} drop in ocean heat content from early 2012 to late 2013, ice flow slowed, but by {\textless} 4{\%}, with flow recovering as the ocean warmed to prior temperatures. During this cold-ocean period, the evolving glacier-bed/ice shelf system was also in a geometry favorable to stabilization. However, despite a minor, temporary decrease in ice discharge, the basin-wide thinning signal did not change. Thus, as predicted by theory, once marine ice sheet instability is underway, a single transient high-amplitude ocean cooling has only a relatively minor effect on ice flow. The long-term effects of ocean temperature variability on ice flow, however, are not yet known.},
	keywords = {glacier-ocean interactions, Ice Dynamics, ice shelves, ice streams, marine ice sheet instability},
	issn = {00948276},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GL070500},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016GL070500},
	author = {Christianson, Knut and Bushuk, Mitchell and Dutrieux, Pierre and Parizek, Byron R. and Joughin, Ian R. and Alley, Richard B. and Shean, David E. and Abrahamsen, E. Povl and Anandakrishnan, Sridhar and Heywood, Karen J. and Kim, Tae-Wan and Lee, Sang Hoon and Nicholls, Keith and Stanton, Tim and Truffer, Martin and Webber, Benjamin G. M. and Jenkins, Adrian and Jacobs, Stan and Bindschadler, Robert and Holland, David M.}
}
@article {283,
	title = {Derivation and analysis of a complete modern-date glacier inventory for Alaska and northwest Canada},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {403},
	author = {Kienholz, Christian and Herreid, Sam and Rich, J and Arendt, A and Hock, R and Burgess, E}
}
@article {300,
	title = {A new model for global glacier change and sea-level rise},
	journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {54},
	abstract = {The anticipated retreat of glaciers around the globe will pose far-reaching challenges to the management of fresh water resources and significantly contribute to sea-level rise within the coming decades. Here, we present a new model for calculating the 21st century mass changes of all glaciers on Earth outside the ice sheets. The Global Glacier Evolution Model (GloGEM) includes mass loss due to frontal ablation at marine-terminating glacier fronts and accounts for glacier advance/retreat and surface Elevation changes. Simulations are driven with monthly near-surface air temperature and precipitation from 14 Global Circulation Models forced by the RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. Depending on the scenario, the model yields a global glacier volume loss of 25-48\% between 2010 and 2100. For calculating glacier contribution to sea-level rise, we account for ice located below sea-level presently displacing ocean water. This effect reduces glacier contribution by 11-14\%, so that our model predicts a sea-level equivalent (multi-model mean +-1 standard deviation) of 79+-24 mm (RCP2.6), 108+-28 mm (RCP4.5) and 157+-31 mm (RCP8.5). Mass losses by frontal ablation account for 10\% of total ablation globally, and up to 30\% regionally. Regional equilibrium line altitudes are projected to rise by 100-800 m until 2100, but the effect on ice wastage depends on initial glacier hypsometries.},
	issn = {2296-6463},
	doi = {10.3389/feart.2015.00054},
	url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2015.00054},
	author = {Huss, Matthias and Hock, Regine}
}
@article {Fahnestock2015,
	title = {{Rapid large-area mapping of ice flow using Landsat 8}},
	journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {The Authors},
	abstract = {We report on the maturation of optical satellite-image-based ice velocity mapping over the ice sheets and large glacierized areas, enabled by the high radiometric resolution and internal geometric accuracy of Landsat 8{\textquoteright}s Operational Land Imager (OLI). Detailed large-area single-season mosaics and time-series maps of ice flow were created using data spanning June 2013 to June 2015. The 12-bit radiometric quantization and 15-m pixel scale resolution of OLI band 8 enable displacement tracking of subtle snow-drift patterns on ice sheet surfaces at $\sim$. 1. m precision. Ice sheet and snowfield snow-drift features persist for typically 16 to 64. days, and up to 432. days, depending primarily on snow accumulation rates. This results in spatially continuous mapping of ice flow, extending the mapping capability beyond crevassed areas. Our method uses image chip cross-correlation and sub-pixel peak-fitting in matching Landsat path/row pairs. High-pass filtering is applied to the imagery to enhance local surface texture. The current high image acquisition rates of Landsat 8 (725 scenes per day globally) reduces the impact of high cloudiness in polar and mountain terrain and allows rapid compilation of large areas, or dense temporal coverage of seasonal ice flow variations. The results rival the coverage and accuracy of interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) mapping.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, glaciers, Greenland, Ice flow, Landsat, Remote sensing},
	issn = {00344257},
	doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.023},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.023},
	author = {Fahnestock, Mark and Scambos, Ted and Moon, Twila and Gardner, Alex and Haran, Terry and Klinger, Marin}
}
@article {2015/10/29,
	title = {Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015/10/29},
	pages = {15865 - },
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep15865},
	author = {Jones, Benjamin M. and Grosse, Guido and Arp, Christopher D. and Miller, Eric and Liu, Lin and Hayes, Daniel J. and Larsen, Christopher F.}
}
@article {253,
	title = {Run-away thinning of the low elevation {Yakutat Glacier} and its sensitivity to climate change},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2015},
	doi = {10.3189/2015JoG14J125},
	author = {Truessel, Barbara and Martin Truffer and Regine Hock and Roman Motyka and Matthias Huss and Jing Zhang}
}
@article {281,
	title = {Satellite observations show no net change in the percentage of supraglacial debris-covered area in northern Pakistan from 1977 to 2014},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {524{\textendash}536},
	author = {Herreid, Sam and Pellicciotti, Francesca and Ayala, Alvaro and Chesnokova, Anna and Kienholz, Christian and Shea, Joseph and Shrestha, Arun}
}
@article {301,
	title = {Variations in Alaska tidewater glacier frontal ablation, 1985{\textendash}2013},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {120{\textendash}136},
	keywords = {frontal ablation, glacier dynamics, glaciers, ice thickness},
	issn = {2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JF003276},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003276},
	author = {McNabb, R. W. and Hock, R. and Huss, M.}
}
@article {Das2014,
	title = {{21st-century increase in glacier mass loss in the Wrangell Mountains, Alaska, USA, from airborne laser altimetry and satellite stereo imagery}},
	journal = {J. Glaciol.},
	volume = {60},
	number = {220},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {283{\textendash}293},
	keywords = {glacier mass balance, ice and climate},
	issn = {00221430},
	doi = {10.3189/2014JoG13J119},
	url = {http://www.igsoc.org/journal/60/220/j13J119.html},
	author = {Das, Indrani and Hock, Regine and Berthier, Etienne and Lingle, Craig S.}
}
@article {Jan-02-2014,
	title = {Alaska tidewater glacier terminus positions, 1948-2012},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {119},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-02-2014},
	pages = {153 - 167},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrf.v119.210.1002/2013JF002915},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrf.v119.2http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013JF002915},
	author = {R ~W McNabb and Hock, R.}
}
@article {rebesco2014boundary,
	title = {Boundary condition of grounding lines prior to collapse, Larsen-B Ice Shelf, Antarctica},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {345},
	number = {6202},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1354{\textendash}1358},
	publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
	author = {Rebesco, M and Domack, E and Zgur, F and Lavoie, C and Leventer, A and Brachfeld, S and Willmott, V and Halverson, G and Truffer, M and Scambos, T and Pettit, Erin C}
}
@inbook {352,
	title = {Glacier Surges},
	booktitle = {Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {{\textcopyright} 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Surge-type glaciers periodically undergo large flow acceleration after extended quiescent phases of slow movement, usually accompanied by terminus advance. Such glaciers are relatively rare but occur in many of the world{\textquoteright}s glacierized areas. High water pressures and extreme basal sliding are obvious characteristics but key questions concerning this, usually spectacular phenomenon, remain open. Why are glaciers in some regions surge-type but not in others, what sort of "memory" lets glaciers surge again and again, what is the influence of climate, geology, and topography? Besides their scientific interest, glacier surges can also be a threat to humans, especially in connection with rapidly forming lakes and their sudden outbursts. Cases of hazard- and disaster-related glacier surges are described from the Pamirs, the Andes, the Italian Alps, and Alaska.},
	keywords = {Flow instabilities, Ice dammed lakes, Outburst floods, Pipeline safety, River blocking, surge-type glaciers},
	isbn = {9780123964731},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-394849-6.00013-5},
	author = {Harrison, W.D. and Osipova, G.B. and Nosenko, G.A. and Espizua, L. and K{\"a}{\"a}b, A. and L Fischer  and Huggel, C. and Craw Burns, P.A. and Truffer, M. and Lai, A.W.}
}
@inbook {256,
	title = {Glaciers and Climate Change},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Global Environmental Pollution: Global Environmental Change},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {205{\textendash}210},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {Glaciers and Climate Change},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-5784-4_130},
	author = {Regine Hock},
	editor = {B. Freedman}
}
@article {259,
	title = {Glaciers in the Earth{\textquoteright}s Hydrological Cycle: Assessments of Glacier Mass and Runoff Changes on Global and Regional Scales},
	journal = {Surveys in Geophysics},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {813-837},
	keywords = {Glacier projections, glacier runoff, glaciers, mass balance, Mass-balance observations, Modeling, Sea-level rise},
	issn = {0169-3298},
	doi = {10.1007/s10712-013-9262-y},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10712-013-9262-y},
	author = {Radi{\'c}, Valentina and Hock, Regine}
}
@article {257,
	title = {Global response of glacier runoff to twenty-first century climate change},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {119},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {717{\textendash}730},
	keywords = {climate change, glacier mass balance, glacier runoff},
	issn = {2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1002/2013JF002931},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002931},
	author = {Bliss, Andrew and Hock, Regine and Radi{\'c}, Valentina}
}
@article {220,
	title = {A new method for deriving glacier centerlines applied to glaciers in Alaska and northwest Canada},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {503{\textendash}519},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-8-503-2014},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/8/503/2014/},
	author = {Kienholz, C. and Rich, J. L. and Arendt, A. A. and Hock, R.}
}
@article {240,
	title = {The Randolph Glacier Inventory: a globally complete inventory of glaciers},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {537 - 552},
	doi = {10.3189/2014JoG13J176},
	author = {Pfeffer, W.T. and Arendt, A. and Bliss, A. and Bolch, T. and Cogley, G. and Gardner, A. and Hagen, J-O., and Hock, R. and Kaser, G and Kienholz, C. and Miles, E. and Moholdt, G. and M{\"o}lg, N. and Paul, F. and Radi{\'c}, V. and Rastner, P. and Raup, B. and Rich, J. and Sharp, M.}
}
@article {354,
	title = {Surface Drifters Track the Fate of Greenland Ice Sheet Meltwater},
	journal = {Eos Trans. AGU},
	volume = {95},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {237{\textendash}239},
	doi = {10.1002/2014EO260002},
	author = {Hauri, C. and Truffer, M. and Winsor, P. and Lennert, K.}
}
@article {255,
	title = {Surface velocity and mass balance of Livingston Island ice cap, Antarctica},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1807{\textendash}1823},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-8-1807-2014},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/8/1807/2014/},
	author = {Osmanoglu, B. and Navarro, F. J. and Hock, R. and Braun, M. and Corcuera, M. I.}
}
@article {254,
	title = {Variations in {Alaska} tidewater glacier frontal ablation, 1985{\textendash}2013},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {frontal ablation, glacier dynamics, ice thickness},
	issn = {2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JF003276},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003276},
	author = {McNabb, R. W. and Hock, R. and Huss, M.}
}
@article {135,
	title = {Analysis of a GRACE global mascon solution for Gulf of Alaska glaciers},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {913-924},
	doi = {10.3189/2013JoG12J197},
	author = {Anthony A. Arendt and Scott B Luthcke and Alex S. Gardner and Shad O'Neel and D. Hill and Geir Moholdt and Waleed Abdalati}
}
@article {2013/08/01,
	title = {Challenges to Understanding the Dynamic Response of Greenland{\textquoteright}s Marine Terminating Glaciers to Oceanic and Atmospheric Forcing},
	journal = {Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013/08/01},
	pages = {1131 - 1144},
	doi = {10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00100.1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00100.1},
	author = {Straneo, Fiammetta and Heimbach, Patrick and Sergienko, Olga and Hamilton, Gordon and Catania, Ginny and Griffies, Stephen and Hallberg, Robert and Jenkins, Adrian and Joughin, Ian and Motyka, Roman and Pfeffer, W. Tad and Stephen F. Price and Eric Rignot and Scambos, Ted and Martin Truffer and Vieli, Andreas}
}
@article {11/2013,
	title = {Changing basal conditions during the speed-up of Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2013},
	month = {11/2013},
	pages = {1679{\textendash}1692},
	author = {Habermann, M and Martin Truffer and Maxwell, D}
}
@article {sep,
	title = {Channelized ice melting in the ocean boundary layer beneath Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica.},
	journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
	volume = {341},
	year = {2013},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1236{\textendash}9},
	abstract = {Ice shelves play a key role in the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheets by buttressing their seaward-flowing outlet glaciers; however, they are exposed to the underlying ocean and may weaken if ocean thermal forcing increases. An expedition to the ice shelf of the remote Pine Island Glacier, a major outlet of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that has rapidly thinned and accelerated in recent decades, has been completed. Observations from geophysical surveys and long-term oceanographic instruments deployed down bore holes into the ocean cavity reveal a buoyancy-driven boundary layer within a basal channel that melts the channel apex by 0.06 meter per day, with near-zero melt rates along the flanks of the channel. A complex pattern of such channels is visible throughout the Pine Island Glacier shelf.},
	keywords = {Antarctic Regions, Freezing, Ice Cover, Oceans and Seas},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1239373},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24031016},
	author = {Stanton, T P and Shaw, W J and Truffer, M. and Corr, H F J and Peters, L E and Riverman, K L and Bindschadler, R and Holland, D M and Anandakrishnan, S}
}
@article {83,
	title = {Estimating glacier snow accumulation from backward calculation of melt and snowline tracking},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1},
	doi = {10.3189/2012AoG62A083},
	author = {Hulth, J. and DENBY, C.R. and Regine Hock}
}
@article {126,
	title = {Geodetic Mass Balance of Glaciers in the Central Brooks Range, Alaska, USA, from 1970 to 2001},
	journal = {Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {29{\textendash}38},
	doi = {10.1657/1938-4246-45.1.29},
	author = {Geck, Jason and Regine Hock and Nolan, Matt}
}
@article {130,
	title = {Ice-sheet model sensitivities to environmental forcing and their use in projecting future sea-level (The SeaRISE Project)},
	journal = {J. Glaciol},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {195{\textendash}224},
	author = {Robert A. Bindschadler and Nowicki, Sophie and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Andy Aschwanden and Choi, Hyeungu and Fastook, Jim and Granzow, Glen and Greve, Ralf and Gutowski, Gail and Herzfeld, Ute and others}
}
@article {SeariseAntarctica2013,
	title = {{Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project I: Antarctica}},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {118},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1002{\textendash}1024},
	issn = {21699003},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrf.20081},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrf.20081},
	author = {Nowicki, Sophie and Robert A. Bindschadler and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Andy Aschwanden and E. Bueler and Choi, Hyeungu and Fastook, Jim and Granzow, Glen and Greve, Ralf and Gutowski, Gail and Herzfeld, Ute and Jackson, Charles and Jesse V Johnson and Constantine Khroulev and Larour, Eric and Anders Levermann and Lipscomb, William H. and Maria A. Martin and Morlighem, Mathieu and Parizek, Byron R. and David Pollard and Stephen F. Price and Ren, Diandong and Eric Rignot and Fuyuki Saito and Tatsuru Sato and Seddik, Hakime and Seroussi, Helene and Takahashi, Kunio and Walker, Ryan and Wang, Wei Li}
}
@article {SeariseGreenland2013,
	title = {{Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project II: Greenland}},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {118},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {1025{\textendash}1044},
	issn = {21699003},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrf.20076},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrf.20076},
	author = {Nowicki, Sophie and Robert A. Bindschadler and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Andy Aschwanden and E. Bueler and Choi, Hyeungu and Fastook, Jim and Granzow, Glen and Greve, Ralf and Gutowski, Gail and Herzfeld, Ute and Jackson, Charles and Jesse V Johnson and Constantine Khroulev and Larour, Eric and Anders Levermann and Lipscomb, William H. and Maria A. Martin and Morlighem, Mathieu and Parizek, Byron R. and David Pollard and Stephen F. Price and Ren, Diandong and Eric Rignot and Fuyuki Saito and Tatsuru Sato and Seddik, Hakime and Seroussi, Helene and Takahashi, Kunio and Walker, Ryan and Wang, Wei Li}
}
@article {84,
	title = {A new inventory of mountain glaciers and ice caps for the Antarctic periphery},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {191-199},
	doi = {10.3189/2013AoG63A377},
	author = {Andrew Bliss and Regine Hock and J. Graham Cogley}
}
@article {139,
	title = {A new semi-automatic approach for dividing glacier complexes into individual glaciers},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {925-936},
	doi = {10.3189/2013JoG12J138},
	author = {Kienholz, C. and Regine Hock and Anthony A. Arendt}
}
@article {134,
	title = {Recent air and ground temperature increases at Tarfala Research Station, Sweden},
	journal = {Polar Research},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2013},
	abstract = {Long-term data records are essential to detect and understand environmental change, in particular in generally data-sparse high-latitude and high-altitude regions. Here, we analyse a 47-year air temperature record (1965-2011) at Tarfala Research Station (67{\textdegree} 54.7{\textquoteright}N, 18{\textdegree} 36.7{\textquoteright}E, 1135 m a.s.l.) in northern Sweden, and a nearby 11-year record of 100-m-deep ground temperature (2001-11; 1540 m a.s.l.). The air temperature record shows a mean annual air temperature of -3.5{\textpm}0.9{\textdegree}C ({\textpm}1 standard deviation s) and a linear warming trend of {\textpm}0.042{\textdegree}C yr-1. The warming trend shows large month-to-month variations with the largest trend in January followed by October. Also, the number of days with positive mean daily temperatures and positive degree-day sums has increased during the last two decades compared to the previous period. Temperature lapse rates derived from the mean daily Tarfala record and an air temperature record at the borehole site average 4.5{\textdegree}C km-1 and tend to be higher in summer than in winter. Mean summer air temperatures at Tarfala explain 76\% of the variance of the summer glacier mass balance of nearby Storglacia{\textasciidieresis}ren. Consistent with the observed increase in Tarfala{\textquoteright}s air temperature, the ground temperature record shows significant permafrost warming with the largest trend (0.047{\textdegree}C yr-1) found at 20 m depth.Keywords: Air temperature; climate change; permafrost; lapse rate; degree-days; NAO(Published: 15 July 2013)Citation: Polar Research 2013, 32, 19807, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.19807},
	keywords = {Air temperature, climate change, degree-days, lapse rate, NAO, permafrost},
	issn = {1751-8369},
	url = {http://www.polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/article/view/19807},
	author = {Ulf Jonsell and Regine Hock and Martial Duguay}
}
@article {132,
	title = {A Reconciled Estimate of Glacier Contributions to Sea Level Rise: 2003 to 2009},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {340},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {852-857},
	abstract = {Glaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets are losing large amounts of water to the world{\textquoteright}s oceans. However, estimates of their contribution to sea level rise disagree. We provide a consensus estimate by standardizing existing, and creating new, mass-budget estimates from satellite gravimetry and altimetry and from local glaciological records. In many regions, local measurements are more negative than satellite-based estimates. All regions lost mass during 2003{\textendash}2009, with the largest losses from Arctic Canada, Alaska, coastal Greenland, the southern Andes, and high-mountain Asia, but there was little loss from glaciers in Antarctica. Over this period, the global mass budget was {\textendash}259 {\textpm} 28 gigatons per year, equivalent to the combined loss from both ice sheets and accounting for 29 {\textpm} 13\% of the observed sea level rise.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1234532},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6134/852.abstract},
	author = {Alex S. Gardner and Geir Moholdt and J. Graham Cogley and Bert Wouters and Anthony A. Arendt and Wahr, John and Berthier, Etienne and Regine Hock and W. Tad Pfeffer and Georg Kaser and Ligtenberg, Stefan R. M. and Bolch, Tobias and Martin J. Sharp and Jon Ove Hagen and van den Broeke, Michiel R. and Paul, Frank}
}
@article {127,
	title = {Regional and global projections of twenty-first century glacier mass changes in response to climate scenarios from global climate models},
	journal = {Climate Dynamics},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1-22},
	keywords = {Global climate models, Projections of sea level rise, Regional and global glacier mass changes},
	issn = {0930-7575},
	doi = {10.1007/s00382-013-1719-7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1719-7},
	author = {Valentina Radi{\'c} and Andrew Bliss and Beedlow, A.Cody and Regine Hock and Miles, Evan and J. Graham Cogley}
}
@article {86,
	title = {The role of subsurface heat exchange: energy partitioning at Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard, over 2004-2008},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {229-240},
	doi = {10.3189/2013AoG63A280},
	author = {Torbj{\o}rn I. {\O}STBY and Schuler, T.V. and Jon Ove Hagen and Regine Hock and C H Reijmer}
}
@article {85,
	title = {Surface velocity and ice discharge of the ice cap on King George Island, Antarctica},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {111-119},
	doi = {10.3189/2013AoG63A517},
	author = {Batuhan Osamanoglu and M Braun and Regine Hock and Navarro, Francisco}
}
@article {74,
	title = {Conventional versus reference-surface mass balance},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {278{\textendash}286},
	doi = {10.3189/2012JoG11J216},
	author = {Huss, M. and Regine Hock and Bauder, A. and Funk, M.}
}
@article {206,
	title = {A detailed view into the eruption clouds of Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala, using Doppler radar},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {n/a{\textendash}n/a},
	abstract = {Using Doppler radar technology we are able to show that eruptions at Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala, are comprised of multiple explosive degassing pulses occurring at a frequency of 0.2 to 0.3 Hz. The Doppler radar system was installed about 2.7 km away from the active dome on the top of Santa Maria volcano. During four days of continuous measurement 157 eruptive events were recorded. The Doppler radar data reveals a vertical uplift of the dome surface of about 50 cm immediately prior to a first degassing pulse. Particle velocities range from 10 to 15 m/s (in the line of sight of the radar). In 80\% of the observed eruptions a second degassing pulse emanates from the dome with significantly higher particle velocities (20{\textendash}25 m/s again line of sight) and increased echo power, which implies an increase in mass flux. We carry out numerical experiments of ballistic particle transport and calculate corresponding synthetic radar signals. These calculations show that the observations are consistent with a pulsed release of material from the dome of Santiaguito volcano.},
	keywords = {Doppler radar, eruption dynamics, Santiaguito volcano},
	issn = {2156-2202},
	doi = {10.1029/2011JB008542},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008542},
	author = {Scharff, L. and Ziemen, F. and Hort, M. and Gerst, A. and Johnson, J. B.}
}
@article {11/2011,
	title = {Mountain Glaciers and ice caps},
	number = {xii},
	year = {2012},
	month = {11/2011},
	pages = {538},
	institution = {Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)},
	address = {Oslo, Norway},
	isbn = {978-82-7971-071-4},
	author = {Martin J. Sharp and M. Ananicheva and Anthony A. Arendt and Jon Ove Hagen and Regine Hock and E. Josberger and R. D. Moore and W. Tad Pfeffer and G. J. Wolken}
}
@article {77,
	title = {Reconstruction of basal properties in ice sheets using iterative inverse methods},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {795{\textendash}807},
	author = {Habermann, M. and Maxwell, D. and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {Joughin2012,
	title = {{Seasonal to decadal scale variations in the surface velocity of Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland: Observation and model-based analysis}},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {117},
	number = {F2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {may},
	pages = {1{\textendash}20},
	keywords = {glacier, glaciology, ice stream},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2011JF002110},
	url = {http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2012/2011JF002110.shtml},
	author = {Joughin, Ian and Smith, B. E. and Howat, I. M. and Floricioiu, Dana and Alley, Richard B. and Truffer, M. and Fahnestock, M.A.}
}
@article {carmichael2012seismic,
	title = {Seismic multiplet response triggered by melt at Blood Falls, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface (2003{\textendash}2012)},
	volume = {117},
	number = {F3},
	year = {2012},
	author = {Carmichael, Joshua D and Erin C Pettit and Hoffman, Matt and Fountain, Andrew and Hallet, Bernard}
}
@article {76,
	title = {{Using surface velocities to calculate ice thickness and bed topography: a case study at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, USA}},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1151-1164},
	doi = {10.3189/2012JoG11J249},
	author = {R ~W McNabb and Regine Hock and Shad O'Neel and L ~A Rasmussen and Ahn, Y. and M Braun and H Conway and Herreid, S. and Ian Joughin and W. Tad Pfeffer and B ~E Smith and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {61,
	title = {Analysis of seasonal variations in mass balance and meltwater discharge of the tropical Zongo Glacier by application of a distributed energy balance model},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {D13105},
	doi = {10.1029/2010JD015105},
	author = {Sicart, JE and Regine Hock and Ribstein, P. and Litt, M. and Ramirez, E.}
}
@article {63,
	title = {Climatic mass balance of the ice cap Vestfonna, Svalbard: A spatially distributed assessment using ERA-Interim and MODIS data},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {F03009},
	doi = {10.1029/2010JF001905},
	author = {M{\"o}ller, M. and Finkelnburg, R. and M Braun and Regine Hock and Ulf Jonsell and Pohjola, V.A. and Scherer, D. and Schneider, C.}
}
@article {pettit2011crossover,
	title = {The crossover stress, anisotropy and the ice flow law at Siple Dome, West Antarctica},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {57},
	number = {201},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {39{\textendash}52},
	publisher = {International Glaciological Society},
	author = {Erin C Pettit and Waddington, Edwin D and Harrison, William D and Thorsteinsson, Throstur and Elsberg, Daniel and Morack, John and Zumberge, Mark A}
}
@article {64,
	title = {Glossary of glacier mass balance and related terms},
	journal = {IHP-VII Technical Documents in Hydrology},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2011},
	author = {J. Graham Cogley and Regine Hock and L ~A Rasmussen and Anthony A. Arendt and Bauder, A. and Braithwaite, RJ and Jansson, P. and Georg Kaser and M{\"o}ller, M. and Nicholson, L. and others}
}
@article {198,
	title = {Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance 1870 to 2010 based on Twentieth Century Reanalysis, and links with global climate forcing},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855336557\&partnerID=40\&md5=9239bc453a5004bd7a1258a2aaa14f07},
	author = {Hanna, E. and Huybrechts, P. and Cappelen, J. and Steffen, K. and Bales, R.C. and Evan W. Burgess and McConnell, J.R. and Steffensen, J.P. and Van Den Broeke, M. and Wake, L. and Bigg, G. and Griffiths, M. and Savas, D.}
}
@article {68,
	title = {Karakoram glacier surge dynamics},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {L18504},
	doi = {10.1029/2011GL049004},
	author = {Quincey, DJ and M Braun and Glasser, NF and Bishop, MP and I M Howat and Luckman, A.}
}
@article {72,
	title = {The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK)-Part 2: Dynamic equilibrium simulation of the Antarctic ice sheet},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {727-740},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-5-727-2011},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/727/2011/tc-5-727-2011.html},
	author = {Maria A. Martin and Winkelmann, R. and Haseloff, M. and Albrecht, T. and E. Bueler and Constantine Khroulev and Anders Levermann}
}
@article {71,
	title = {The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK){\textendash}Part 1: Model description},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {715{\textendash}726},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-5-715-2011},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/715/2011/tc-5-715-2011.html},
	author = {Winkelmann, R. and Maria A. Martin and Haseloff, M. and Albrecht, T. and E. Bueler and Constantine Khroulev and Anders Levermann}
}
@article {62,
	title = {Regionally differentiated contribution of mountain glaciers and ice caps to future sea-level rise},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {91{\textendash}94},
	doi = {10.1038/NGEO1052},
	author = {Valentina Radi{\'c} and Regine Hock}
}
@article {60,
	title = {Submarine melting of the 1985 Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae} floating tongue and the triggering of the current retreat},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {F01007},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JF001632},
	author = {Roman J. Motyka and Martin Truffer and Mark Fahnestock and Mortensen, J. and Rysgaard, S. and I M Howat}
}
@article {65,
	title = {Surface mass balance, thinning and iceberg production, Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 19482007},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {431{\textendash}440},
	author = {L ~A Rasmussen and H Conway and Krimmel, RM and Regine Hock}
}
@article {50,
	title = {100-year mass changes in the Swiss Alps linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation},
	journal = {Geophysical research letters},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {L10501},
	doi = {10.1029/2010GL042616},
	author = {Huss, M. and Regine Hock and Bauder, A. and Funk, M.}
}
@article {48,
	title = {Iceberg calving as a primary source of regional-scale glacier-generated seismicity in the St. Elias Mountains, Alaska},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {F04034},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JF001598},
	author = {Shad O'Neel and Chris F. Larsen and Rupert, N. and Hansen, R.}
}
@article {51,
	title = {Recent and future warm extreme events and high-mountain slope stability},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	volume = {368},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {2435{\textendash}2459},
	doi = {10.1098/rsta.2010.0078},
	author = {Huggel, C. and Salzmann, N. and Allen, S. and Caplan-Auerbach, J. and L Fischer  and Haeberli, W. and Chris F. Larsen and Schneider, D. and Wessels, R.}
}
@article {47,
	title = {Regional and global volumes of glaciers derived from statistical upscaling of glacier inventory data},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {F01010},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JF001373},
	author = {Valentina Radi{\'c} and Regine Hock}
}
@article {54,
	title = {Results from the Ice-Sheet Model Intercomparison ProjectHeinrich Event INtercOmparison (ISMIP HEINO)},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {371-383},
	abstract = {Results from the Heinrich Event INtercOmparison (HEINO) topic of the Ice-Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (ISMIP) are presented. ISMIP HEINO was designed to explore internal large-scale ice-sheet instabilities in different contemporary ice-sheet models. These instabilities are of interest because they are a possible cause of Heinrich events. A simplified geometry experiment reproduces the main characteristics of the Laurentide ice sheet, including the sedimented region over Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait. The model experiments include a standard run plus seven variations. Nine dynamic/thermodynamic ice-sheet models were investigated; one of these models contains a combination of the shallow-shelf (SSA) and shallow-ice approximation (SIA), while the remaining eight models are of SIA type only. Seven models, including the SIA-SSA model, exhibit oscillatory surges with a period of \&$\#$8764;1000 years for a broad range of parameters, while two models remain in a permanent state of streaming for most parameter settings. In a number of models, the oscillations disappear for high surface temperatures, strong snowfall and small sediment sliding parameters. In turn, low surface temperatures and low snowfall are favourable for the ice-surge cycles. We conclude that further improvement of ice-sheet models is crucial for adequate, robust simulations of cyclic large-scale instabilities.},
	doi = {doi:10.3189/002214310792447789},
	url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2010/00000056/00000197/art00001},
	author = {Calov, Reinhard and Greve, Ralf and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and E. Bueler and Huybrechts, Philippe and Jesse V Johnson and Frank Pattyn and David Pollard and Ritz, Catherine and Fuyuki Saito and Tarasov, Lev}
}
@article {57,
	title = {Sky longwave radiation on tropical Andean glaciers: parameterization and sensitivity to atmospheric variables},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {854{\textendash}860},
	author = {Sicart, JE and Regine Hock and Ribstein, P. and Chazarin, J.P.}
}
@article {37,
	title = {Accurate ocean tide modeling in southeast Alaska and large tidal dissipation around Glacier Bay},
	journal = {Journal of oceanography},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {335{\textendash}347},
	author = {Inazu, D. and Tatsuru Sato and Miura, S. and Ohta, Y. and Nakamura, K. and Fujimoto, H. and Chris F. Larsen and Higuchi, T.}
}
@article {42,
	title = {Changes of glaciers and climate in northwestern North America during the late twentieth century},
	journal = {Journal of Climate},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {4117{\textendash}4134},
	author = {Anthony A. Arendt and Walsh, J. and Harrison, W.}
}
@article {43,
	title = {Glacier changes in Alaska: can mass-balance models explain GRACE mascon trends?},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {148{\textendash}154},
	author = {Anthony A. Arendt and Scott B Luthcke and Regine Hock}
}
@article {38,
	title = {Implications for the dynamic health of a glacier from comparison of conventional and reference-surface balances},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {25{\textendash}30},
	author = {Harrison, W. and Cox, LH and Regine Hock and March, RS and Erin C Pettit}
}
@article {40,
	title = {A method to estimate the ice volume and ice-thickness distribution of alpine glaciers},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {422{\textendash}430},
	url = {http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article\&issn=0022-1430\&volume=55\&issue=191\&spage=422},
	author = {Farinotti, D. and Huss, M. and Bauder, A. and Funk, M. and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {36,
	title = {Mountain glaciers and ice caps around Antarctica make a large sea-level rise contribution},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {L07501},
	author = {Regine Hock and de Woul, M. and Valentina Radi{\'c} and Dyurgerov, M.}
}
@article {33,
	title = {Terminus dynamics at an advancing glacier: Taku Glacier, Alaska},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1052{\textendash}1060},
	url = {http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article\&issn=0022-1430\&volume=55\&issue=194\&spage=1052},
	author = {Martin Truffer and Roman J. Motyka and Hekkers, M. and I M Howat and King, M.A.}
}
@article {34,
	title = {Testing longwave radiation parameterizations under clear and overcast skies at Storglaci{\"a}ren, Sweden},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {75{\textendash}84},
	author = {Sedlar, J. and Regine Hock}
}
@article {22,
	title = {Analysis of scaling methods in deriving future volume evolutions of valley glaciers},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {601{\textendash}612},
	author = {Valentina Radi{\'c} and Regine Hock and Oerlemans, J.}
}
@article {Pattyn2008,
	title = {{Benchmark experiments for higher-order and full Stokes ice sheet models (ISMIP-HOM)}},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {95{\textendash}108},
	author = {Frank Pattyn and Perichon, L. and Andy Aschwanden and Breuer, B. and de Smedt, B. and Gagliardini, O. and Gudmundsson, G. H. and Hindmarsh, R. C. A. and Hubbard, A. L. and Jesse V Johnson and Kleiner, T. and Konovalov, Y. and Martin, C. and Payne, A. J. and David Pollard and Stephen F. Price and M R{\"u}ckamp and Fuyuki Saito and Sou{\v c}ek, O. and Sugiyama, S. and Zwinger, T.}
}
@article {28,
	title = {Continued evolution of Jakobshavn Isbrae following its rapid speedup},
	journal = {J. geophys. Res},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {F04006},
	url = {http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008JF001023.shtml},
	author = {Ian Joughin and I M Howat and Mark Fahnestock and B ~E Smith and Krabill, W. and Alley, R.B. and Stern, H. and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {31,
	title = {Correspondence: Another surge of Variegated Glacier, Alaska, USA, 2003/04},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {192-200},
	doi = {doi:10.3189/002214308784409134},
	url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2008/00000054/00000184/art00019},
	author = {Harrison, W. and Roman J. Motyka and Martin Truffer}
}
@article {25,
	title = {Determination of the seasonal mass balance of four Alpine glaciers since 1865},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {F01015},
	author = {Huss, M. and Bauder, A. and Funk, M. and Regine Hock}
}
@article {18,
	title = {Distribution of snow accumulation on the Svartisen ice cap, Norway, assessed by a model of orographic precipitation},
	journal = {Hydrological Processes},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {3998{\textendash}4008},
	author = {Schuler, T.V. and Crochet, P. and Regine Hock and Jackson, M. and Barstad, I. and J{\'o}hannesson, T.}
}
@article {19,
	title = {Earth tides observed by gravity and GPS in southeastern Alaska},
	journal = {Journal of Geodynamics},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {78{\textendash}89},
	author = {Tatsuru Sato and Miura, S. and Ohta, Y. and Fujimoto, H. and Sun, W. and Chris F. Larsen and Heavner, M. and Kaufman, AM and Jeffrey T. Freymueller}
}
@article {30,
	title = {Glacier melt, air temperature, and energy balance in different climates: The Bolivian Tropics, the French Alps, and northern Sweden},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {D24113},
	doi = {10.1029/2008JD010406},
	author = {Sicart, JE and Regine Hock and Six, D.}
}
@article {29,
	title = {Ice-front variation and tidewater behavior on Helheim and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, Greenland},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {F01004},
	url = {http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2007JF000837.shtml},
	author = {Ian Joughin and I M Howat and Alley, R.B. and Ekstrom, G. and Mark Fahnestock and Moon, T. and Nettles, M. and Martin Truffer and Tsai, V.C.}
}
@article {Joughin2008a,
	title = {{Ice-front variation and tidewater behavior on Helheim and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, Greenland}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {113},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {1{\textendash}11},
	abstract = {We used satellite images to examine the calving behavior ofHelheim and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, Greenland, from 2001 to 2006, a period in which they retreated and speed up. These data show that many large iceberge-calving episodes coincided with teleseismically detected glacial erthquakes, suggesting that calving-related processes are the source of seismicity. For each of several events for which we hace observations, the ice front calved back to a large, pre-existing rift. These refits form where the ice has thinned to near flotation as the ice front retreats down back side of a bathymetric high, which agrees well with earlier theoretical predictions. In adition to recent retreat in a period of high temperature, analysis of several images shows that Helhaim retreated in the 20th Century during a warmer period and then re-adcanced during a subsequent cooler period. This apparent sensitivity to waming suggests that higher temperatures may promote an initial retread off a bathymetric high that is then sustained by tidewater dynamics as the ice front retreats into depper water. The cycle of frontal advance and retreat in less than a century indicates that tidewater glaciers in Greenland can advance rapidly. Greenland{\textquoteright}s larger resorvoir of inland ice and conditions that favor the formation of ice shelves likely contribute to the rapid rates of advance.},
	isbn = {0148-0227},
	issn = {21699011},
	doi = {10.1029/2007JF000837},
	url = {http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2007JF000837.shtml},
	author = {Joughin, Ian and Howat, Ian and Alley, Richard B. and Ekstrom, Goran and Fahnestock, Mark and Moon, Twila and Nettles, Meredith and Truffer, Martin and Tsai, Victor C.}
}
@article {203,
	title = {Influence of snowpack layering on human-triggered snow slab avalanche release},
	journal = {Cold Regions Science and Technology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {176-182},
	author = {Habermann, M and Schweizer, J and Jamieson, B}
}
@article {21,
	title = {Internal accumulation on Storglaciaren, Sweden, in a multi-layer snow model coupled to a distributed energy-and mass-balance model},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {61{\textendash}72},
	author = {C H Reijmer and Regine Hock}
}
@article {200,
	title = {Mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet from 1958 to 2007},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2008},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-58249086581\&partnerID=40\&md5=f29d2f8e4a2c1845220d5fc846c65f0a},
	author = {Eric Rignot and Box, J.E. and Evan W. Burgess and Hanna, E.}
}
@article {11,
	title = {Climate sensitivity of Storglaciaren, Sweden: an intercomparison of mass-balance models using ERA-40 re-analysis and regional climate model data},
	journal = {Annals of glaciology},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {342{\textendash}348},
	author = {Regine Hock and Valentina Radi{\'c} and de Woul, M.}
}
@conference {14,
	title = {Comparison of remote sensing derived glacier facies maps with distributed mass balance modelling at Engabreen, northern Norway.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of a workshop on Andean Glaciology and a symposium on the Contribution from Glaciers and Snow Cover to Runoff from Mountains in Different Climates during the 7th Scientific Assembly of the IAHS, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil, 4-9 April 2005.},
	year = {2007},
	publisher = {IAHS Press},
	organization = {IAHS Press},
	author = {M Braun and Schuler, T.V. and Regine Hock and Brown, I. and Jackson, M. and Ginot, P. and Sicart, JE and others}
}
@conference {10,
	title = {Deriving glacier mass balance from accumulation area ratio on Storglaci{\"a}ren, Sweden.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of a workshop on Andean Glaciology and a symposium on the Contribution from Glaciers and Snow Cover to Runoff from Mountains in Different Climates during the 7th Scientific Assembly of the IAHS, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil, 4-9 April 2005.},
	year = {2007},
	publisher = {IAHS Press},
	organization = {IAHS Press},
	author = {Regine Hock and Kootstra, D.S. and C H Reijmer and Ginot, P. and Sicart, JE and others}
}
@article {9,
	title = {Glacier-dammed lake outburst events of Gornersee, Switzerland},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {189{\textendash}200},
	author = {Huss, M. and Bauder, A. and Werder, M. and Funk, M. and Regine Hock}
}
@article {8,
	title = {Meteorological observations and energy balance at Storglaci{\"a}ren, northern Sweden},
	journal = {IAH Publ},
	volume = {318},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {186-194},
	author = {Konya, K. and Regine Hock and Naruse, R.}
}
@article {4,
	title = {Volumearea scaling vs flowline modelling in glacier volume projections},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {234{\textendash}240},
	author = {Valentina Radi{\'c} and Regine Hock and Oerlemans, J.}
}
@article {mar,
	title = {In situ measurements of till deformation and water pressure},
	journal = {J. Glaciol.},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2006},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {175{\textendash}182},
	issn = {00221430},
	doi = {10.3189/172756506781828700},
	url = {http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{\&}issn=0022-1430{\&}volume=52{\&}issue=177{\&}spage=175},
	author = {Truffer, M. and Harrison, W.D.}
}
@article {sep,
	title = {Record negative glacier balances and low velocities during the 2004 heatwave in Alaska, USA: implications for the interpretation of observations by Zwally and others in Greenland},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2005},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {663{\textendash}664},
	issn = {0022-1430},
	doi = {10.3189/172756505781829016},
	url = {http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article{\&}issn=0022-1430{\&}volume=51{\&}issue=175{\&}spage=663 https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S002214300021085X/type/journal{\_}article},
	author = {Truffer, Martin and Harrison, W.D. and March, R.S.}
}
@article {elsberg2004depth,
	title = {Depth-and time-dependent vertical strain rates at Siple Dome, Antarctica},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {50},
	number = {171},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {511{\textendash}521},
	publisher = {International Glaciological Society},
	author = {Elsberg, Daniel H and Harrison, William D and Zumberge, Mark A and Morack, John L and Erin C Pettit and Waddington, Edward D and Husmann, Eric}
}
@article {366,
	title = {Probing the till beneath Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, USA},
	journal = {J. Glaciol.},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {608{\textendash}614},
	issn = {00221430},
	doi = {10.3189/172756504781829693},
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