@article {jan,
	title = {Sub-ice-shelf sediments record history of twentieth-century retreat of Pine Island Glacier},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {541},
	year = {2017},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {77{\textendash}80},
	abstract = {The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is one of the largest potential sources of rising sea levels. Over the past 40 years, glaciers flowing into the Amundsen Sea sector of the ice sheet have thinned at an accelerating rate, and several numerical models suggest that unstable and irreversible retreat of the grounding line{\textemdash}which marks the boundary between grounded ice and floating ice shelf{\textemdash}is underway. Understanding this recent retreat requires a detailed knowledge of grounding-line history, but the locations of the grounding line before the advent of satellite monitoring in the 1990s are poorly dated. In particular, a history of grounding-line retreat is required to understand the relative roles of contemporaneous ocean-forced change and of ongoing glacier response to an earlier perturbation in driving ice-sheet loss. Here we show that the present thinning and retreat of Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica is part of a climatically forced trend that was triggered in the 1940s. Our conclusions arise from analysis of sediment cores recovered beneath the floating Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, and constrain the date at which the grounding line retreated from a prominent seafloor ridge. We find that incursion of marine water beyond the crest of this ridge, forming an ocean cavity beneath the ice shelf, occurred in 1945 ({\textpm}12 years); final ungrounding of the ice shelf from the ridge occurred in 1970 ({\textpm}4 years). The initial opening of this ocean cavity followed a period of strong warming of West Antarctica, associated with El Ni{\~n}o activity. Thus our results suggest that, even when climate forcing weakened, ice-sheet retreat continued.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, Pine Island glacier},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature20136},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature20136{\%}5Cnhttp://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature20136 http://www.nature.com/articles/nature20136},
	author = {Smith, J. A. and Andersen, T. J. and Shortt, M. and Gaffney, A. M. and Truffer, Martin and Stanton, T P and Bindschadler, Robert and Dutrieux, Pierre and Jenkins, Adrian and Hillenbrand, C.-D. and Ehrmann, Werner and Corr, H. F. J. and Farley, N. and Crowhurst, S. and Vaughan, David G.}
}
@article {oct,
	title = {Sensitivity of Pine Island Glacier to observed ocean forcing},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2016},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {10,817{\textendash}10,825},
	abstract = {{\textcopyright}2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.We present subannual observations (2009{\textendash}2014) of a major West Antarctic glacier (Pine Island Glacier) and the neighboring ocean. Ongoing glacier retreat and accelerated ice flow were likely triggered a few decades ago by increased ocean-induced thinning, which may have initiated marine ice sheet instability. Following a subsequent 60{\%} drop in ocean heat content from early 2012 to late 2013, ice flow slowed, but by {\textless} 4{\%}, with flow recovering as the ocean warmed to prior temperatures. During this cold-ocean period, the evolving glacier-bed/ice shelf system was also in a geometry favorable to stabilization. However, despite a minor, temporary decrease in ice discharge, the basin-wide thinning signal did not change. Thus, as predicted by theory, once marine ice sheet instability is underway, a single transient high-amplitude ocean cooling has only a relatively minor effect on ice flow. The long-term effects of ocean temperature variability on ice flow, however, are not yet known.},
	keywords = {glacier-ocean interactions, Ice Dynamics, ice shelves, ice streams, marine ice sheet instability},
	issn = {00948276},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GL070500},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016GL070500},
	author = {Christianson, Knut and Bushuk, Mitchell and Dutrieux, Pierre and Parizek, Byron R. and Joughin, Ian R. and Alley, Richard B. and Shean, David E. and Abrahamsen, E. Povl and Anandakrishnan, Sridhar and Heywood, Karen J. and Kim, Tae-Wan and Lee, Sang Hoon and Nicholls, Keith and Stanton, Tim and Truffer, Martin and Webber, Benjamin G. M. and Jenkins, Adrian and Jacobs, Stan and Bindschadler, Robert and Holland, David M.}
}
@article {2013/08/01,
	title = {Challenges to Understanding the Dynamic Response of Greenland{\textquoteright}s Marine Terminating Glaciers to Oceanic and Atmospheric Forcing},
	journal = {Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013/08/01},
	pages = {1131 - 1144},
	doi = {10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00100.1},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00100.1},
	author = {Straneo, Fiammetta and Heimbach, Patrick and Sergienko, Olga and Hamilton, Gordon and Catania, Ginny and Griffies, Stephen and Hallberg, Robert and Jenkins, Adrian and Joughin, Ian and Motyka, Roman and Pfeffer, W. Tad and Stephen F. Price and Eric Rignot and Scambos, Ted and Martin Truffer and Vieli, Andreas}
}
